Cell structure and Function Test 1

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MCQs 1:

Identify the principal component of a prokaryotic bacterial cell wall.





Topic: Cellular Components

Correct Answer: C) Murein

Detailed Hint:
  • When it comes to cellular structures, it is crucial to recognize the distinct components of each cell type.
  • Cellulose is primarily found in plant cell walls, while chitin is a major component of fungal cell walls.
  • However, the cell wall of a prokaryotic bacterial cell is predominantly composed of a substance called Murein, which is chemically known as Peptidoglycan.
  • Peptidoglycan consists of Amino acids (Peptido) and Carbohydrates (Glycan).
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Murein".

MCQs 2:

In the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, what component is likened to a sea?





Topic: Fluid Mosaic Model

Correct Answer: D) Lipids

Detailed Hint:
  • The fluid mosaic model, proposed by Singer and Nicolson, describes the cell membrane structure.
  • According to the model, the cell membrane is envisioned as a sea of lipids in which protein molecules are embedded, either partly or wholly.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Lipids".

MCQs 3:

The enzymes synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are pinched off by the Golgi apparatus to form what?





Topic: Cellular Processes

Correct Answer: A) Primary lysosome

Detailed Hint:
  • Enzymes synthesized by the RER undergo a process called "pinching off" instigated by the Golgi apparatus.
  • This process results in the formation of a primary lysosome, which is an immature form containing nonfunctional enzymes.
  • Therefore, the right answer is A, "Primary lysosome".

MCQs 4:

Which substance is the main component of a plant cell wall?





Topic: Plant Cell Structure

Correct Answer: A) Carbohydrates

Detailed Hint:
  • Understanding the cellular structure of organisms is crucial. In the context of plant cells, the primary component of the cell wall is cellulose.
  • Cellulose is a polysaccharide, which falls under the category of carbohydrates.
  • So, the correct answer is A, "Carbohydrates".

MCQs 5:

Which protein is responsible for facilitating active transport within cells?





Topic: Cell Membrane Transport

Correct Answer: D) Both A & B

Detailed Hint:
  • Active transport is a fundamental cellular process that necessitates energy to move substances across the cell membrane.
  • Both integral proteins and permeases play significant roles in this process.
  • Integral proteins are also known as intrinsic proteins, and along with permeases, they're responsible for diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
  • Extrinsic proteins, on the other hand, aren't involved in active transport.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Both A & B".

MCQs 6:

In which organism is the middle lamella completely absent?





Topic: Cellular Structures

Correct Answer: A) Chlamydomonas

Detailed Hint:
  • The middle lamella is a layer found between cells, and it doesn't exist in unicellular organisms.
  • Chlamydomonas is a unicellular organism, hence it lacks a middle lamella.
  • In contrast, multicellular plants like pea and colonial organisms like volvox contain a middle lamella.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Chlamydomonas".

MCQs 7:

Which component does not contain lignin?





Topic: Plant Cell Structure

Correct Answer: D) Cell membrane

Detailed Hint:
  • Lignin is a complex organic polymer that provides rigidity and resistance to plant cell walls.
  • It's important to note that not all layers of the plant cell wall contain lignin, such as the primary layer.
  • However, the question doesn't specifically ask which layer of the cell wall lacks lignin, and instead provides a broader set of options.
  • Among the given options, the cell membrane, an essential component of cells, definitely does not contain lignin.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Cell membrane".

Question 8:

Which component is present in the smallest quantity within the cell membrane?





Topic: Cell Membrane Composition

Correct Answer: A) Carbohydrate

Detailed Hints:
  • The cell membrane is primarily composed of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
  • However, carbohydrates are present in the least quantity, making up only about 2-3% of the cell membrane.
  • Proteins and lipids, on the other hand, comprise a larger part of the cell membrane, with proteins accounting for 60-80% and lipids making up 20-40%.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "Carbohydrate".

Question 9:

Who is credited with the discovery of the cell wall?





Topic: History of Cell Biology

Correct Answer: C) Robert Hooke

Detailed Hints:
  • The discovery of the cell wall was a major milestone in the field of Cell Biology.
  • This discovery is credited to Robert Hooke2, who made this significant find during his pioneering work in microscopy.
  • It's important not to confuse between Robert Brown and Robert Hooke. A helpful mnemonic is to remember that nucleus is the darker region in the cell - Brown = Nucleus. Hence, the nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown and the cell by Robert Hooke.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Robert Hooke".

Question 10:

What is the name given to the specific carrier proteins present in the cell membrane?





Topic: Cell Membrane Transport

Correct Answer: C) Permeases

Detailed Hints:
  • The cell membrane contains specialized proteins that help in substance transportation.
  • These proteins are known as carrier proteins, and they play an integral part in the cell membrane's transport mechanism.
  • Among the provided options, permeases3 are the most specific term for these proteins. Intrinsic proteins also participate in transportation, but permeases3 is a more precise term.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "Permeases".

Question 11:

Which disease is likely to occur if glycogen catabolism fails in the liver?





Topic: Metabolic Diseases

Correct Answer: B) Glycogenosis II4

Detailed Hints:
  • Glycogen metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's energy balance.
  • If glycogen's breakdown (catabolism) fails in the liver, it can lead to diseases related to glycogen storage.
  • Among the given options, Glycogenosis II4, also known as Pompe's disease, is directly associated with issues in glycogen catabolism.
  • Therefore, The correct answer is B, "Glycogenosis II4".

Question 12:

Which component of the cell membrane plays a critical role in phagocytosis?





Topic: Cell Membrane Functions

Correct Answer: C) Membrane protein

Detailed Hints:
  • Phagocytosis is a crucial process in cells where foreign particles are engulfed.
  • This process requires significant cell membrane transformation, and different components play a role.
  • Among the given options, membrane proteins are the key players in facilitating phagocytosis.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C, "Membrane protein5".

Question 13:

What is the outermost layer of a unicellular plant cell?





Topic: Plant Cell Structure

Correct Answer: A) Primary wall

Detailed Hints:
  • Each cell of a plant, including unicellular plants, has distinct cell wall layers.
  • The question is specifically asking about the outermost layer of a unicellular plant cell.
  • The primary wall is the first and outermost layer of the plant cell wall.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Primary wall".

Question 14:

How thick is the primary wall typically?





Topic: Plant Cell Structure

Correct Answer: B) 1-3µm

Detailed Hints:
  • The thickness of the cell wall layers in plant cells varies.
  • The primary wall, being the first and outermost layer, has a specific thickness range.
  • Among the options provided, 1-3µm is the correct range for the thickness of the primary wall.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "1-3µm".

MCQs 15:

Which type of protein spans completely through the double layer of lipids in a cell membrane?





Topic: Cellular Proteins

Correct Answer: C) Intrinsic protein

Detailed Hint:
  • A cell membrane comprises various types of proteins.
  • Some proteins, known as intrinsic proteins, extend entirely through the lipid bilayer.
  • Extrinsic proteins, on the other hand, are found on the exterior of the lipid bilayer. Histone proteins are associated with DNA, not the lipid bilayer.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Intrinsic protein".

MCQs 16:

Which of the plant cell walls is more optically active?





Topic: Plant Cell Wall

Correct Answer: B) Secondary

Detailed Hint:
  • Plant cell walls are composed of different layers, each having distinct properties.
  • Optical activity is a property that refers to the rotation of plane-polarized light.
  • The secondary wall, being thicker, shows more optical activity compared to the primary wall.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "Secondary".

MCQs 17:

What is responsible for the selective permeability of the cell membrane?





Topic: Cell Membrane Permeability

Correct Answer: C) Membrane protein

Detailed Hint:
  • The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.
  • This selective permeability is due to the presence of certain structures within the cell membrane.
  • Among the options provided, Membrane proteins play the crucial role of allowing specific molecules to pass through, thereby serving as the gatekeepers of the cell.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Membrane protein".

MCQs 18:

During the formation of polysomes, which ribosomal subunit directly contacts the mRNA?





Topic: Polysome Structure

Correct Answer: A) Small

Detailed Hint:
  • Polysomes, also known as polyribosomes, are a cluster of ribosomes that read an mRNA sequence simultaneously.
  • When mRNA comes out from the nucleus, it binds to a specific subunit of ribosomes.
  • Of the options provided, the small ribosomal subunit is the one that directly interacts with mRNA.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "Small".

MCQs 19:

What is the size of ribosomes found in the cytosol of eukaryotes?





Topic: Ribosomal Size in Eukaryotes

Correct Answer: D) 80s

Detailed Hint:
  • Ribosomes are present in every cell and play a vital role in protein synthesis.
  • Their size varies based on their location within the cell and also depends on the type of cell (eukaryotic or prokaryotic).
  • Among the options listed, 80s is the correct size for ribosomes found in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "80s".

MCQs 20:

Which component of the cell wall exhibits the highest optical activity?





Topic: Optical Activity of Cell Walls

Correct Answer: C) Secondary wall

Detailed Hint:
  • The cell wall, a crucial component of plant cells, consists of different layers including the middle lamella, primary wall, and secondary wall.
  • Optical activity, a characteristic of certain substances to rotate the plane of polarized light, varies among these layers.
  • While both primary and secondary walls show optical activity, the secondary wall exhibits a higher level due to its thickness.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "Secondary wall".

MCQs 21:

What role does the plasma membrane of animal cells play?





Topic: Functions of Animal Cell Plasma Membrane

Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Detailed Hint:
  • The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is an essential component of animal cells.
  • It performs various functions including secretion, excretion, and maintenance of pH balance.
  • Therefore, all the given options are roles played by the plasma membrane.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is D, "All of the above".

Question 22:

Which type of protein is located exclusively on one side of the lipid bilayer?





Topic: Protein Distribution in Lipid Bilayer

Correct Answer: B) Extrinsic

Detailed Hint:
  • The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane hosts two types of proteins: intrinsic and extrinsic.
  • Intrinsic proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer while extrinsic proteins are found on the surface of the lipid bilayer.
  • Hence, only the extrinsic proteins are located exclusively on one side.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Extrinsic".

Question 23:

In which component of the cell wall can Magnesium (Mg) and silica be found?





Topic: Chemical Composition of Cell Walls

Correct Answer: B) Secondary wall

Detailed Hint:
  • The cell wall is composed of several layers, each with a unique chemical composition.
  • These layers include the primary wall, secondary wall, middle lamella, and others.
  • As per the information provided, the secondary wall contains inorganic salts and minerals, such as Magnesium (Mg) and silica.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Secondary wall".

Question 24:

What is the ratio of RNA to protein in a eukaryotic ribosome?





Topic: Ratio of RNA to Protein in Eukaryotic Ribosomes

Correct Answer: C) Equal to protein

Detailed Hint:
  • Ribosomes are complex structures made up of RNA and proteins.
  • In eukaryotic ribosomes, the ratio of RNA to protein is balanced.
  • Therefore, the RNA content is neither more, less, nor variable, but equal to the protein content.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C, "Equal to protein".

Question 25:

What is the thickness of the cell membrane?





Topic: Cell Membrane Thickness

Correct Answer: A) 7nm

Detailed Hint:
  • The cell membrane is a vital structure and its dimensions play a critical role in its function.
  • The thickness of the cell membrane is a specific measure and is not variable.
  • According to the information provided, the thickness of the cell membrane is 7nm.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "7nm".

Question 26:

Which organelle is responsible for the transportation of nerve impulses within a cell?





Topic: Intracellular Nerve Impulse Transmission

Correct Answer: B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R)

Detailed Hint:
  • Each organelle within a cell has a distinct set of functions.
  • The transport of nerve impulses within the cell is primarily conducted by the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (S.E.R), not the R.E.R or Golgi bodies.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "S.E.R".

Question 27:

Which organelle mainly contributes to the increase in surface area of the cell membrane?





Topic: Role in Cell Membrane Surface Area

Correct Answer: C) Golgi bodies

Detailed Hint:
  • Various organelles play different roles in the functioning of the cell.
  • Golgi bodies receive proteins and lipids from the RER and SER, modify them, and secrete them, which contributes to the enhancement of the cell membrane's surface area.
  • As such, the correct answer is C, "Golgi bodies".

Question 28:

What is the first layer that forms in a developing cell?





Topic: Sequence of Cell Wall Development

Correct Answer: A) Primary wall

Detailed Hint:
  • The development of a cell wall follows a characteristic sequence.
  • The Golgi complex synthesizes the cell wall and secretes the protoplasm, which first forms the primary wall, followed by the secondary layer.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Primary wall".

Question 29:

Identify the proper order of thickness in different parts of the cell wall:





Topic: Cell Wall Thickness Sequence

Correct Answer: D) Middle lamella < Primary < Secondary

Detailed Hint:
  • The cell wall consists of different layers, each with its unique thickness.
  • As per the data provided, the thickness of the secondary cell wall is 5-10μm, that of the primary cell wall is 1-3μm, and that of the middle lamella is 1μm.
  • Therefore, the correct sequence of thickness is middle lamella, primary, and then secondary.
  • Hence, the correct answer is D, "Middle lamella < Primary < Secondary".

Question 30:

Where does enzyme synthesis predominantly occur within the cell?





Topic: Site of Enzyme Synthesis

Correct Answer: A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (R.E.R)

Detailed Hint:
  • Enzymes are primarily proteins, except for Ribozyme, and are synthesized in specific locations within the cell.
  • The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (R.E.R), with its attached ribosomes, is the primary site for protein and hence enzyme synthesis.
  • Therefore, the answer is A, "R.E.R".
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