Cell Structure And Function Test 2

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Question 1:

Identify the reason behind the self-replicating nature of mitochondria:





Topic: Cellular Biology - Mitochondria

Correct Answer: C) Presence of DNA

Detailed Hints:
  • Mitochondria are unique organelles with the capability of self-replication.
  • This self-replication is not due to proteins, oxidative enzymes, or cristae.
  • The key to their self-replication lies in the presence of DNA within the mitochondria, making option C the correct answer.
  • DNA provides the genetic material required for the replication of these organelles.

Question 2:

Which organelle is enclosed by a single membrane?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Organelles

Correct Answer: C) Lysosomes

Detailed Hints:
  • The structure of organelles can be defined by the number of enclosing membranes.
  • Mitochondria, nucleus, and chloroplast are all characterized by a double membrane structure.
  • Lysosomes, however, are unique in being enclosed by a single membrane, hence making option C the correct answer.

Question 3:

Which of the following is not associated with the outer surface of the cell membrane?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Cell Membrane Components

Correct Answer: D) Cytoskeleton

Detailed Hints:
  • Cell membranes have various components associated with their outer and inner surfaces.
  • Glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycocalyx, a carbohydrate coating, are all positioned on the exterior of the cell membrane.
  • The cytoskeleton, on the other hand, is located on the inner aspect of the cell, thus making option D the accurate choice.

Question 4:

Which organelle's characteristic feature is the presence of DNA?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Organelle DNA

Correct Answer: C) Mitochondria

Detailed Hints:
  • Organelles may have distinctive features that set them apart.
  • Among the options given, the mitochondria stand out for their self-replicating ability.
  • This characteristic is due to the presence of DNA within the mitochondria, leading us to conclude that option C is the correct answer.

Question 5:

What is the common number of chromosomes shared by chimpanzees and potatoes?





Topic: Genetics - Chromosome Count

Correct Answer: B) 48

Detailed Hints:
  • The chromosome count varies across different species.
  • Among the options provided, only one option matches the chromosome count of both a chimpanzee and a potato.
  • The correct answer, therefore, is 48 chromosomes, which indicates option B.

Question 6:

Which cellular structure is significantly larger than others?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Organelle Size

Correct Answer: D) Nucleus

Detailed Hints:
  • Organelles within a cell vary not only in function but also in size.
  • Among the given choices, the nucleus is notably larger, comprising about 10% of the cell.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D) Nucleus. It's important to note that in plant cells, the vacuole is larger than the nucleus.

Question 7:

What is the structure of a unit membrane?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Membrane Structure

Correct Answer: B) Lipid bilayer sandwiched between two layers of proteins

Detailed Hints:
  • The unit membrane structure is defined by its composition and arrangement of proteins and lipids.
  • According to the model proposed by Danielle and Davison, the structure of a unit membrane is a lipid bilayer sandwiched between two protein layers.
  • Hence, the correct answer is option B.

MCQ 8:

What structure in a plant cell contains pigments?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Plant Cell Structures

Correct Answer: A) Plastids

Detailed Hints:
  • Plant cells consist of numerous unique structures, each with their own function.
  • Among the options given, plastids are renowned for their role in storing pigments that give plants their vibrant colors.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A) Plastids.

MCQ 9:

In a bacterial nucleoid, how many DNA molecules can be found?





Topic: Microbiology - Bacterial DNA

Correct Answer: A) 1

Detailed Hints:
  • Bacterial genetics is distinct from eukaryotic genetics, influencing the quantity of DNA molecules contained.
  • The nucleoid is the bacterial structure where its single DNA molecule is stored.
  • Accordingly, the correct answer is A) 1.

MCQ 10:

Which cellular structure houses the highest concentration of RNA?





Topic: Cellular Biology - RNA Location

Correct Answer: C) Nucleolus

Detailed Hints:
  • Various structures within a cell contain differing amounts of RNA.
  • The nucleolus, among the choices provided, is responsible for RNA synthesis, and therefore houses a high concentration of it.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C) Nucleolus.

MCQ 11:

What organelle is typically abundant in muscle cells?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Organelle Abundance in Specific Cells

Correct Answer: B) Mitochondria

Detailed Hints:
  • Cells can vary greatly in their composition depending on their function within the body.
  • Muscle cells, due to their high energy needs for contraction and relaxation, require a significant amount of ATP, the body's energy currency.
  • The mitochondria, often referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell," are responsible for the production of ATP.
  • Therefore, muscle cells usually have a large number of mitochondria to meet their energy demands, making B) Mitochondria the correct answer.

MCQ 12:

Which type of plastid is associated with pollination?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Plastid Function

Correct Answer: B) Chromoplast

Detailed Hints:
  • Plastids are key organelles in plant cells with diverse roles, including photosynthesis, storage, and pigment synthesis.
  • Pollination often relies on the bright, enticing colors of flowers to attract pollinators. This vibrancy in petals is due to chromoplasts.
  • Chloroplasts are associated with green parts of the plant, leucoplasts are mainly for storage, and amyloplasts are a type of leucoplast that stores starch.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B) Chromoplast.

MCQ 13:

Which organelle is referred to as the scavenger or digestive bag of a cell?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Organelle Functions

Correct Answer: C) Lysosomes

Detailed Hints:
  • Each cellular organelle has a specific role that contributes to the overall functionality of the cell.
  • Lysosomes are known for their digestive capabilities, containing enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
  • Because of their ability to digest and recycle cellular waste, lysosomes are often referred to as the cell's scavengers or digestive bags.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C) Lysosomes.

MCQ 14:

Which organelle is bounded by the tonoplast?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Organelle Boundaries

Correct Answer: A) Vacuoles

Detailed Hints:
  • Within plant cells, certain structures are bound by unique membranes, denoting their specificity.
  • The tonoplast is one such specialized membrane that encapsulates a particular organelle.
  • In this case, the tonoplast is known to surround the central or large vacuole of the plant cell.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is A) Vacuoles.

Question 15:

In humans, most of the cellular machinery is located in the:





Topic: Cellular Biology - Cellular Machinery Location

Correct Answer: B) Cytoplasm

Detailed Hints:
  • The cell's various machineries have designated locations within the cellular structure, impacting their function and interaction.
  • Essentially, the cytoplasm of a cell houses most of the organelles, which work together to perform the cell's functions.
  • The organelles, collectively referred to as the cellular machinery, are chiefly located in the cytoplasm.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B) Cytoplasm.

Question 16:

In a nucleus, where are RNA & rDNA located?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Nucleus Components

Correct Answer: C) central nucleolus

Detailed Hints:
  • The nucleus, the cell's control center, contains various components, each with its specific location and function.
  • The nucleolus, a part of the nucleus, is divided into a peripheral region and a central region.
  • The central region of the nucleolus is known to contain rDNA and rRNA, which are crucial for protein synthesis.
  • Hence, the appropriate answer is C) central nucleolus.

Question 17:

During metamorphosis, a tadpole’s tail gradually disappears. Which organelle increases in number in the tail cells during this time?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Organelle Functions During Metamorphosis

Correct Answer: B) Lysosomes

Detailed Hints:
  • Metamorphosis involves the transformation of an organism from its juvenile to adult form, often involving structural alterations.
  • Lysosomes play a crucial role in this transformation, especially in the breakdown of the tadpole's tail.
  • Lysosomes contain enzymes capable of breaking down cellular components, explaining their proliferation during the breakdown of the tadpole's tail.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B) Lysosomes.

Question 18:

Endocytosis and Exocytosis are examples of which chemical process?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Cell Transport Mechanisms

Correct Answer: A) Active Transport

Detailed Hints:
  • Cellular transport mechanisms vary depending on the type of molecules being moved across the cell membrane.
  • Endocytosis and exocytosis both involve the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, which requires energy in the form of ATP.
  • Because these processes require energy, they are classified as active transport mechanisms.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A) Active Transport.

Question 19:

Which organelle is commonly found in both plant and animal cells?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Organelle Presence in Cells

Correct Answer: C) Mitochondria

Detailed Hints:
  • Cells, whether plant or animal, have a range of organelles with unique functions critical to their survival.
  • The mitochondria, often referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell," is present in both plant and animal cells.
  • Plastids, Chromoplast, and Leucoplasts, on the other hand, are specific to plant cells.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C) Mitochondria.

Question 20:

What is the term for cytoplasmic streaming movements?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Cytoplasmic Movements

Correct Answer: B) cyclosis

Detailed Hints:
  • Cytoplasmic streaming involves the movement of the fluid substance (cytoplasm) within a plant or animal cell.
  • The process impacts the distribution of molecules and organelles within the cell.
  • Among the choices provided, only cyclosis refers to this specific type of intracellular movement.
  • Hence, the right answer is B) cyclosis.

Question 21:

What type of ribosome do bacterial mitochondria contain?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Bacterial Mitochondria

Correct Answer: D) none

Detailed Hints:
  • Bacteria are prokaryotic cells and thus lack certain organelles found in eukaryotes.
  • One such missing organelle is the mitochondrion, making the concept of bacterial mitochondria non-existent.
  • Accordingly, bacterial mitochondria cannot contain a ribosome of any kind.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D) none.

MCQs 22:

Which of the following is not a function of the cell wall?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Cell Wall Functions

Correct Answer: C) Selective Permeability

Detailed Hints:
  • The cell wall is a rigid layer that provides structure and protection to the cell.
  • It is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell and offering strength and rigidity.
  • However, the cell wall is not involved in selective permeability, a function performed by the cell membrane.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C) Selective Permeability.

MCQs 23:

Which organelle is capable of self-replication?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Self-Replicating Organelles

Correct Answer: A) mitochondria

Detailed Hints:
  • Organelles are specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions.
  • Some organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain their own DNA and ribosomes, enabling them to replicate independently within the cell.
  • Among the options provided, only mitochondria possess this unique ability.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A) mitochondria.

MCQs 24:

Which of the following is present within the mitochondrial matrix?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Mitochondrial Matrix Composition

Correct Answer: D) all of them

Detailed Hints:
  • The mitochondrial matrix plays a vital role in cellular respiration and is comprised of various components.
  • It contains oxidative enzymes for the electron transport chain, coenzymes like NADH2 & FADH2, and inorganic salts, all of which contribute to energy production.
  • So, all the listed options are found within the mitochondrial matrix.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D) all of them.

MCQs 25:

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Correct Answer: C) synthesis of steroids

Detailed Hints:
  • The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in various cellular activities, distinct from its counterpart, the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Its primary role is the synthesis of lipids, including steroids, which are a type of lipid.
  • Of the provided options, only the synthesis of steroids aligns with the known functions of SER.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C) synthesis of steroids.

MCQs 26:

How many pairs of chromosomes are present in the sperm cell of a pigeon?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Chromosomes in Germ Cells

Correct Answer: D) none

Detailed Hints:
  • Chromosomes are structures that contain genetic information in living organisms.
  • In germ cells, such as sperm and egg cells, chromosomes are not usually found in pairs.
  • For pigeons, while their somatic cells contain 40 pairs of chromosomes, their germ cells contain unpaired chromosomes.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D) none.

MCQs 27:

How many layers is the cell wall composed of?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Composition of Cell Wall

Correct Answer: B) Three Layers

Detailed Hints:
  • The cell wall is an exterior structure that provides shape and support to the cell.
  • In many organisms, the cell wall is composed of three layers: the primary layer, the middle lamella, and the secondary layer.
  • Each layer contributes to the overall function and structure of the cell wall.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B) Three Layers.

MCQs 28:

Choose the correct statement describing bacterial DNA.





Topic: Cellular Biology - Structure of Bacterial DNA

Correct Answer: A) Single circular and double stranded

Detailed Hints:
  • DNA is the genetic material that carries information about an organism.
  • In bacteria, the DNA is typically a single, circular structure which is double stranded.
  • The arrangement of DNA in bacteria is crucial for its survival and replication.
  • As such, the correct description for bacterial DNA is A) Single circular and double stranded.

MCQs 29:

Identify the structure that is not found in animal cells.





Topic: Cellular Biology - Components of Animal Cells

Correct Answer: C) Plastids

Detailed Hints:
  • Animal cells comprise several structures or organelles that perform various functions.
  • Centrioles, lysosomes, and the nucleus are all integral components of an animal cell.
  • However, plastids, responsible for storage and synthesis of organic molecules, are typically found only in plant cells.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C) Plastids.

MCQs 30:

Which organelle shares similarities with mitochondria?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Correct Answer: C) Chloroplasts

Detailed Hints:
  • Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, shares some characteristics with other cellular components.
  • Notably, it shares several similarities with chloroplasts - both have a common origin, contain their own DNA, possess 70S ribosomes, and are self-replicating.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C) Chloroplasts.

MCQs 31:

What is the outermost boundary in an animal cell?





Topic: Cellular Biology - Animal Cell Structure

Correct Answer: B) Cell Membrane

Detailed Hints:
  • The outermost layer of the animal cell is important as it provides structure and regulates the exchange of substances.
  • In animal cells, this boundary is the cell membrane, which controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
  • The cell wall is the outermost boundary in plant cells, not animal cells.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B) Cell Membrane.
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