intro
MCQs 1:
What is the name for the basic carbohydrate units that cannot be further broken down by hydrolysis?
Topic: Understanding Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: C) Monosaccharides
- The basic units of carbohydrates are divided into three categories: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed further into simpler compounds.
- Thus, the correct answer is C, "Monosaccharides".
MCQs 2:
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
Topic: Identifying Monosaccharides
Correct Answer: D) Galactose
- Understanding the types of sugars is vital in answering this question. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are the main categories.
- Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are all disaccharides, which means they are made up of two monosaccharide units.
- Galactose, on the other hand, is a monosaccharide, which is the simplest form of sugar. Hence, the correct answer is D, "Galactose".
MCQs 3:
Between glucose and galactose, which one is a carbon ___________ isomer?
Topic: Identifying Isomers
Correct Answer: C) C-4
- In organic chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
- Glucose and galactose are both simple sugars, but they are positional isomers of each other at the C-4 position.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "C-4".
MCQs 4:
How many carbon atoms does a steroid contain?
Topic: The Structure of Steroids
Correct Answer: C) 17
- Steroids are lipids, but they differ from other lipids because they do not contain fatty acids.
- Instead, each steroid molecule consists of four fused carbon rings.
- These rings contain a total of 17 carbon atoms, making C) "17" the correct answer.
MCQs 5:
Which of the following does not have aldehyde as a functional group?
Topic: Functional Groups in Sugars
Correct Answer: C) Fructose
- Functional groups are specific groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own distinct properties, regardless of the other atoms present in a molecule.
- Both glucose and galactose feature an aldehyde functional group, while mannose is an isomer of glucose.
- Fructose, on the other hand, is characterized by a ketone functional group, not an aldehyde. Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Fructose".
MCQs 6:
Which of these hexose sugars forms a five-membered ring structure?
Topic: Ring Structures in Sugars
Correct Answer: C) Fructose
- Hexose sugars can form ring structures which are important for their function.
- While glucose and galactose form six-membered ring structures, fructose forms a distinct five-membered ring structure.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Fructose".
MCQs 7:
Who was the first person to determine the sequence of amino acids in insulin in 1951?
Topic: Historic breakthroughs in Biochemistry
Correct Answer: D) Sanger
- The discovery of the sequence of amino acids in insulin was a major breakthrough in the study of proteins.
- While Watson, Crick, and Maurice all made significant contributions to science, it was Frederick Sanger who first determined the sequence of amino acids in insulin in 1951.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Sanger".
Question 8:
What type of structure does hemoglobin possess?
Topic: Protein Structure in Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: D) Quaternary Structure
- Hemoglobin is a protein complex found in red blood cells.
- It is composed of four polypeptide chains, each of which has its own primary, secondary, and tertiary structure.
- When these individual protein chains come together to form a complete structure, it's referred to as a quaternary structure. Hence, the correct answer is D, "Quaternary Structure".
Question 9:
What do two monosaccharides form when they combine?
Topic: Carbohydrate Chemistry
Correct Answer: A) Disaccharide
- Monosaccharides are simple sugar molecules.
- When two of these simple sugar molecules join together, they form a disaccharide.
- Oligosaccharides contain a small number (typically three to ten) of monosaccharides, polysaccharides are larger and can consist of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides, and trisaccharides are formed when three monosaccharides combine. Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Disaccharide".
Question 10:
Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide?
Topic: Types of Polysaccharides
Correct Answer: D) Chitin
- Polysaccharides can be categorized as either homopolysaccharides, where all the constituent sugars are the same, or heteropolysaccharides, which are composed of different types of sugars.
- Cellulose, starch, and glycogen are homopolysaccharides composed entirely of glucose units.
- Chitin, on the other hand, is a heteropolysaccharide made up of glucose units with a nitrogen-containing group attached to each one. Hence, the correct answer is D, "Chitin".
Question 11:
Which protein among the following does not have a globular structure?
Topic: Protein Structures
Correct Answer: C) Collagen
- Proteins can be classified as either globular or fibrous based on their shape.
- Globular proteins, such as antibodies, egg albumin, and hemoglobin, are generally compact, soluble, and spherical in shape.
- Collagen, however, is a fibrous protein, characterized by long, insoluble, structural proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Collagen".
Question 12:
Which fatty acids remain in a liquid state at room temperature?
Topic: Characteristics of Fatty Acids
Correct Answer: B) Oil
- Fatty acids can be categorized based on the state they maintain at room temperature.
- Although wax, fats, and lipids all contain fatty acids, they are typically solid or semi-solid at room temperature.
- Oils, however, are composed of fatty acids that remain liquid at room temperature. Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Oil".
Question 13:
What two monosaccharides make up lactose?
Topic: Disaccharides
Correct Answer: B) Glucose & galactose
- Lactose is a disaccharide, which means it's composed of two monosaccharides.
- While glucose is a component of lactose, fructose, sucrose, and ribose are not.
- Galactose, when combined with glucose, forms lactose. Hence, the correct answer is B, "Glucose & galactose".
Question 14:
How many amino acids are replaced in the Beta globin chain in the condition of sickle cell anemia?
Topic: Biochemical Aspects of Sickle Cell Anemia
Correct Answer: C) 6
- Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that leads to a mutation in the beta globin chain of the hemoglobin molecule.
- This mutation leads to the replacement of a certain number of amino acids in the beta globin chain.
- The number of amino acids replaced is not 5, 7, and there's definitely a change in the beta chain.
- Hence, the correct answer is C, "6".
Question 15:
What holds the alpha helix structure in a peptide chain together?
Topic: Protein Structures
Correct Answer: D) Hydrogen bonding
- The alpha helix is a common type of secondary structure found in proteins.
- It's held together by a certain type of bonding, which isn't sulfur linkage, the amide group, or the carboxyl group.
- It's actually held together by hydrogen bonding between the backbone amide and carbonyl groups of the amino acids in the chain.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Hydrogen bonding".
Question 16:
What is the solubility of triacylglycerols in water?
Topic: Properties of Lipids
Correct Answer: B) Insoluble in water
- Triacylglycerols are a type of lipid, and like most lipids, they have certain characteristics when it comes to solubility in water.
- They are not soluble in water, regardless of the temperature, and they are not partially soluble.
- Triacylglycerols are, in fact, insoluble in water due to their large nonpolar regions that repel water molecules.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Insoluble in water".
Question 17:
What is the count of polypeptide chains that constitute haemoglobin?
Topic: Protein Structures
Correct Answer: D) 4
- Haemoglobin is a complex protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
- The structure of haemoglobin is not composed of 6, 3, or 2 polypeptide chains.
- It is actually made up of 4 polypeptide chains, thus forming a tetramer.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "4".
Question 18:
What kind of bond maintains the tertiary structure of proteins?
Topic: Protein Structures
Correct Answer: D) All of the above
- Tertiary structure of proteins refers to the three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule.
- This structure isn't maintained by just one type of bond; peptide, hydrogen, and di-sulphide bonds all play a role in maintaining it.
- Hence, the correct answer is D, "All of the above".
Question 19:
What name is given to monosaccharide molecules that can bend the plane of polarized light to the right?
Topic: Characteristics of Monosaccharides
Correct Answer: A) Dextrose sugars
- Monosaccharides exhibit optical isomerism, and they can rotate the plane of polarized light.
- Not all monosaccharides rotate the plane of light to the right; only a specific type does this.
- This characteristic is specific to dextrose sugars, which is why the correct answer is A, "Dextrose sugars".
Question 20:
Which among the following amino acids is capable of forming disulphide bonds?
Topic: Amino Acid Properties
Correct Answer: D) Cysteine
- Disulphide bonds are a type of covalent bond that can be formed in proteins.
- They are not formed by all amino acids, only specific ones are capable of this.
- Among the options given, the amino acid that forms disulphide bonds is neither Glycine, Proline, nor Glutamate.
- The correct answer is D, "Cysteine", which forms disulfide bonds due to the presence of sulfur in its side chain.
Question 21:
Identify the correct statement about amino acids.
Topic: Amino Acid Characteristics
Correct Answer: A) Amino acids are classified based on the structures and properties of their side chains.
- Amino acids possess diverse characteristics which define their roles and functions.
- Not all provided statements accurately represent these characteristics.
- Statements B), C), and D) are not correct.
- The factual statement is A), "Amino acids are classified based on the structures and properties of their side chains".
Question 22:
Which category of proteins does enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and hemoglobin fall into?
Topic: Types of Proteins
Correct Answer: C) Globular proteins
- Proteins can be classified into different types based on their structure and function.
- Enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and hemoglobin do not belong to the fibrous or glandular categories.
- These proteins are functional and are characterized by their globular shape.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Globular proteins".
Question 23:
Among all the amino acids, how many are categorized as polar?
Topic: Polar Amino Acids
Correct Answer: A) 6
- Amino acids can be classified into different types based on their polarity.
- Polar amino acids are those with polar side chains, which are hydrophilic or "water-loving."
- The option that correctly represents the number of polar amino acids is not 3, 2, or 20.
- The accurate answer is A, "6", which includes Serine, Threonine, Cystine, Glutamine, Asparagine, and Proline.
Question 25:
What does a dipeptide molecule consist of?
Topic: Structure of Dipeptides
Correct Answer: A) 2 amino acids and 1 peptide bond
- Dipeptides are molecules that result from the condensation of two amino acids.
- The number of peptide bonds in a dipeptide is not 2 or 3, and a dipeptide does not consist of only two amino acids without any bonds.
- A dipeptide is composed of 2 amino acids linked by a single peptide bond.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "2 amino acids and 1 peptide bond".
Question 26:
Which of the following is a correct set of structural polysaccharides?
Topic: Structural Polysaccharides
Correct Answer: A) Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and chitin
- Structural polysaccharides are types of polymer carbohydrates that provide support and rigidity.
- Not all carbohydrate polymers are structural in nature, so options B, C, and D, which include starch and glycogen, are incorrect.
- The polysaccharides that serve a structural role include cellulose, hemicellulose, and chitin.
- So, the correct answer is A) "Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and chitin".
Question 27:
Which molecule primarily forms the cell membrane?
Topic: Cell Membrane Components
Correct Answer: A) Phospholipid
- The cell membrane is a crucial cellular structure that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- It is not primarily composed of cellulose, wax, or triglyceride.
- Phospholipids are the main component of cell membranes, forming a lipid bilayer that provides a barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
- Thus, the correct answer is A) "Phospholipid".
Question 28:
How many nucleotides would a protein molecule composed of around 142 amino acids contain?
Topic: Protein Encoding
Correct Answer: C) 426
- The genetic code uses a system of three nucleotides, also called a codon, to encode for one amino acid.
- Thus, the number of nucleotides is not 430, 142, or 460.
- For a protein composed of 142 amino acids, the number of nucleotides would be 142 amino acids times 3 nucleotides per codon, which equals 426.
- The correct answer is C) "426".
Question 29:
Which of the following amino acids carries a negative charge?
Topic: Charge on Amino Acids
Correct Answer: D) Aspartate
- Amino acids can be classified based on the charge they carry, which depends on the properties of their side chains.
- Histidine, Phenylalanine, and Proline are not negatively charged.
- Aspartate, along with Glutamate, is a negatively charged amino acid due to the presence of a carboxylate (-COO-) group in its side chain.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D) "Aspartate".
Question 30:
Which of the following is a type of derived lipid?
Topic: Classification of Lipids
Correct Answer: D) All of these
- The category of lipids known as derived lipids includes various compounds that are biologically and chemically related to more simple lipids.
- Steroids, Terpenes, and Carotenoids are all considered derived lipids, as they are formed from the basic structure of fatty acids.
- Consequently, the correct answer is D) "All of these".
Question 31:
Cellulose is composed of repeating units linked by which type of glycosidic linkage?
Topic: Structure of Cellulose
Correct Answer: A) β-1-4 linkage between D-glucose Units
- Cellulose is a polysaccharide built from repeating units of glucose monomers.
- The linkage between these glucose units is not β-1-2, α-1-4, or α-1-2.
- In cellulose, the glucose units are linked by β-1-4 glycosidic bonds, forming an unbranched chain.
- Thus, the correct answer is A) "β-1-4 linkage between D-glucose Units".
Question 32:
What is the physical state of animal fats at room temperature?
Topic: Properties of Animal Fats
Correct Answer: C) Solid
- Animal fats are characterized by their physical state at room temperature.
- They are not in a gas or liquid state, nor do they fall into the category of "None of these".
- Animal fats are generally solid at room temperature, due to their high content of saturated fatty acids.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C) "Solid".
Question 33:
Which steroid is known to decrease membrane fluidity?
Topic: Function of Steroids in Membrane Fluidity
Correct Answer: A) Cholesterol
- Different steroids have various roles in cellular functions.
- Cholic acid, Estradiol, and Progesterone do not predominantly affect membrane fluidity.
- Cholesterol is a steroid that is known to decrease membrane fluidity by fitting between the fatty acid chains in the membrane's lipid bilayer.
- Hence, the correct answer is A) "Cholesterol".
Question 34:
In which matrix do glycolipids and glycoproteins serve a structural role in animal and bacterial cells?
Topic: Role of Glycolipids and Glycoproteins in Cell Structure
Correct Answer: A) Extracellular
- Glycolipids and glycoproteins have important structural roles that depend on their location in the cell.
- They do not primarily serve a structural role in the intracellular matrix, nor is "glucose" a correct option.
- Glycolipids and glycoproteins are integral components of the extracellular matrix in animal and bacterial cells, contributing to cell-cell recognition and adhesion.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A) "Extracellular".
Question 35:
What is the specific term for the bond formed between two glucose units?
Topic: Bonds in Biochemistry
Correct Answer: B) Glycosidic bond
- Different types of bonds are formed in biochemical structures based on the atoms and molecules involved.
- Peptide bonds, Phosphodiester bonds, and Ester bonds are not formed between two glucose units.
- In the case of glucose, the units are connected by Glycosidic bonds, which link the sugar molecules in polysaccharides.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B) "Glycosidic bond".
Question 36:
What is typically the state of fats containing unsaturated fatty acids at room temperature (25°C)?
Topic: Properties of Fats
Correct Answer: B) Liquid
- Fats containing unsaturated fatty acids are typically in a liquid state at room temperature (25°C).
Question 38:
What are the constituents of an acylglycerols' chemical composition?
Topic: Composition of Acylglycerols
Correct Answer: B) Alcohol
- Acylglycerols are a type of lipid molecule with various components.
- They are not composed of bases, water, or acids.
- In acylglycerols, esters of fatty acids combine with alcohol to form the molecular structure.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B) "Alcohol".
Question 39:
What structure is closely resembled by the alpha-helix structure?
Topic: Protein Secondary Structures
Correct Answer: B) Coiled spring
- Different protein structures have characteristics that resemble various shapes.
- An alpha-helix does not resemble a sheet or linear chain, and "None of above" is not a correct choice.
- The alpha-helix structure is analogous to a coiled spring, due to its tightly coiled, spiral shape.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B) "Coiled spring".
Question 40:
How many rings are there in a single cholesterol molecule?
Topic: Structure of Cholesterol
Correct Answer: D) 4
- Cholesterol molecules have a unique structure characterized by a specific number of interconnected rings.
- They do not have 1, 2, or 3 rings.
- A single cholesterol molecule has 4 rings, giving it its characteristic shape.
- Hence, the correct answer is D) "4".