Biological Molecules Test 5

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MCQs 1

Which combination correctly represents the number of amino acids in the two chains of an insulin molecule?





Topic: Structure of insulin protein

Correct Answer: A) 21, 30

Detailed Hint:
  • Insulin protein consists of two chains of amino acids, each with a specific number.
  • The correct representation is a chain of 21 amino acids and another chain of 30 amino acids, held together by Disulphide bonds.
  • This straight chain structure signifies the primary structure of insulin, marking a significant milestone in identifying the number and arrangement of amino acids in a protein.
  • Though, the finished molecule of insulin reaches a quaternary level.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A) 21, 30.

MCQs 2

What does the heat capacity of water entail?





Topic: Thermal Properties of Water

Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Detailed Hint:
  • Heat capacity is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics, and it has different interpretations.
  • In the context of water, it can refer to the energy needed to raise the temperature of a specific amount of water, in this case, 1g, by 1°C.
  • It can also refer to the energy needed to break the hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together.
  • Finally, it could be the energy that water can absorb before its temperature significantly changes.
  • All these interpretations contribute to our understanding of water's heat capacity, so the correct answer is D) All of the above.

MCQs 3

What is the most common carbohydrate found in nature?





Topic: Carbohydrates in Nature

Correct Answer: C) Cellulose

Detailed Hint:
  • Carbohydrates are organic compounds that play crucial roles in living organisms.
  • Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all types of carbohydrates.
  • Of these three, cellulose is the most abundant in nature. It forms the main component of plant cell walls, providing protection and rigidity.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C) Cellulose.

MCQs 4

Which protein structure level is maintained by ionic, hydrogen, and disulfide bonds?





Topic: Protein Structures

Correct Answer: C) Tertiary structure

Detailed Hint:
  • Proteins have several structural levels, from primary to quaternary.
  • Ionic, hydrogen, and disulfide bonds play significant roles in maintaining the integrity of these structures.
  • These types of bonds are predominantly involved in maintaining the tertiary structure of proteins, which is the three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C) Tertiary structure.

MCQs 5

Which class of organic biomolecules exhibits the highest physiological diversity in living organisms?





Topic: Physiological Diversity of Organic Biomolecules

Correct Answer: B) Proteins

Detailed Hint:
  • Organic biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, are essential components of living organisms.
  • Each class of biomolecules performs unique functions in life processes.
  • However, proteins excel in terms of their physiological diversity. They perform a wide array of functions, unlike other biomolecules.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B) Proteins.

MCQs 6

Which of the following properties is NOT a biological importance of water?





Topic: Biological Importance of Water

Correct Answer: D) Expanding at high temperature

Detailed Hint:
  • Water is a critical factor in all biological processes due to its unique properties.
  • As a polar molecule, it serves as a universal solvent, supporting diverse bio-chemical reactions.
  • Its high specific heat and vaporization heat contribute to temperature regulation in living organisms.
  • Unlike the above properties, water's expansion at high temperature does not have a direct biological implication.
  • The correct answer is D) Expanding at high temperature.

MCQs 7

What is the pure form present in cotton?





Topic: Composition of Natural Fibers

Correct Answer: A) Cellulose

Detailed Hint:
  • Cotton, a natural fiber, contains high amounts of a specific biomolecule.
  • This substance is neither glycogen, waxes, nor amino acids but cellulose.
  • Cellulose, a complex carbohydrate, provides rigidity to plant cells and is the primary component of cotton.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A) Cellulose.

Question 8:

To which level can a single polypeptide chain possibly extend?





Topic: Levels of Protein Structure

Correct Answer: C) Tertiary

Detailed Hint:
  • A polypeptide chain forms the backbone of protein structure, gradually progressing through four hierarchical levels.
  • The primary level represents the sequence of amino acids, with the secondary level depicting localized patterns of folds or coils.
  • The tertiary level illustrates the complete three-dimensional structure of a single polypeptide chain.
  • However, for a protein to reach the quaternary level, it requires more than one polypeptide chain.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C) Tertiary.

Question 9:

Which of the following are biological significances of water?





Topic: Biological Role of Water

Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Detailed Hint:
  • Water is the cornerstone of life, exhibiting unique properties that facilitate biological functions.
  • Its polarity allows it to form hydrogen bonds and function as a universal solvent, enabling various biochemical reactions.
  • Furthermore, its high specific heat and heat of vaporization play key roles in maintaining stable temperatures in living organisms.
  • Hence, all the listed properties—polarity, being a universal solvent, and having high specific heat and heat of vaporization—are biological significances of water.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D) All of the above.

Question 10:

What percentage of the total RNA in a cell does ribosomal RNA (rRNA) represent?





Topic: RNA Composition in Cells

Correct Answer: D) 80%

Detailed Hint:
  • A cell's RNA pool is a mix of different types, including mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
  • Among these, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes the majority, playing a crucial role in protein synthesis.
  • The percentage of rRNA can reach up to 80% of the total RNA in a cell, making it the most abundant type.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D) 80%.

Question 11:

What is the minimum percentage of water content required for the survival of a living cell's protoplasm?





Topic: Protoplasm and its Water Content

Correct Answer: B) 10%

Detailed Hint:
  • Protoplasm, the living content within a cell, relies heavily on its water content for survival.
  • This is not about the maximum water content, but rather the minimum threshold needed for protoplasm to survive.
  • If the water content of protoplasm falls as low as 10%, it can no longer sustain life.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B) 10%.

Question 12:

Which protein structure is determined by the number and sequence of its constituent amino acids?





Topic: Protein Structure

Correct Answer: A) Primary structure

Detailed Hint:
  • Proteins exhibit various levels of structural complexity, starting from the sequence of amino acids to the spatial arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains.
  • The primary structure of a protein refers to its linear sequence of amino acids, which forms the basis of higher structural levels.
  • Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures involve further folding and interactions, but the primary structure is strictly about the amino acid sequence.
  • Hence, the correct answer is A) Primary structure.

Question 13:

What is the specific heat of vaporization for water?





Topic: Thermodynamic Properties of Water

Correct Answer: B) 574 Kcal/kg

Detailed Hint:
  • Water's heat of vaporization refers to the amount of heat energy required to transform it from a liquid to a gaseous state.
  • It plays a critical role in regulating heat produced by oxidation and provides cooling effects during evaporation in plants and animals.
  • The specific heat of vaporization for water is 574 Kcal/kg, meaning that's the amount of heat needed to vaporize one kilogram of water.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B) 574 Kcal/kg.

Question 14:

What is the total percentage contribution of DNA to the cell weight in mammals?





Topic: DNA and Cellular Composition

Correct Answer: A) 0.25%

Detailed Hint:
  • DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, is a fundamental component of cells, carrying the genetic instructions for development, functioning, and reproduction.
  • In mammalian cells, despite its critical role, DNA makes up a surprisingly small portion of the cell's total weight.
  • The total percentage of DNA by cell weight in a mammalian cell is roughly 0.25%.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A) 0.25%.

MCQs 15:

In what form are carbohydrates transported in plants?





Topic: Carbohydrate Transport in Plants

Correct Answer: A) Sucrose

Detailed Hint:
  • Plants utilize several types of sugars for energy and as building blocks for structural components.
  • Although there are several forms of sugars, the mode of transport for carbohydrates in plants is primarily in the form of sucrose.
  • Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose and is used for long-distance transport within the plant due to its non-reactive nature.
  • Hence, the correct answer is A) Sucrose.

MCQs 16:

How many levels of organization do proteins exhibit?





Topic: Protein Structure

Correct Answer: C) Four

Detailed Hint:
  • Proteins are complex macromolecules that perform countless functions in organisms, with their functionality depending on their structural organization.
  • This organization occurs at multiple levels, starting from the sequence of amino acids (primary structure) to the spatial arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains (quaternary structure).
  • Thus, proteins have four levels of organization: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
  • Therefore, the right answer is C) Four.

MCQs 17:

Which protein structure level is crucial for the protein's function?





Topic: Protein Function

Correct Answer: C) Primary

Detailed Hint:
  • Protein function is deeply intertwined with its structure, starting from the sequence of amino acids to the complex folding and spatial arrangement.
  • The primary structure, or amino acid sequence, plays a pivotal role as it dictates the protein's overall shape and, ultimately, its function.
  • Any disruption in the primary structure can lead to a significant loss of function.
  • Therefore, the right answer is C) Primary.

MCQs 18:

What is the reason behind water's excellent solvent properties?





Topic: Water as a Solvent

Correct Answer: B) Its Polarity

Detailed Hint:
  • Water’s ability to dissolve a variety of different substances is due to its unique physical and chemical properties.
  • The polarity of water molecules, with one side having a positive charge (hydrogen) and the other side a negative charge (oxygen), contributes to its excellent solvent properties.
  • Glycosidic linkage is not related to water's solvent properties, and thus, is not a correct option.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B) Its Polarity.

MCQs 19:

Keratin, a type of fibrous protein, is found in which of the following?





Topic: Protein Composition

Correct Answer: A) Nails

Detailed Hint:
  • Proteins are present in various forms and locations within the body, performing an array of functions.
  • Keratin is a fibrous protein that provides structural support and protective benefits, primarily found in parts of the body like nails, hair, and skin.
  • Although proteins are found in blood cells, muscles, and bones, keratin specifically is not.
  • As a result, the correct answer is A) Nails.

MCQs 20:

What forms the skeleton of Organic molecules?





Topic: Structure of Organic Molecules

Correct Answer: A) C-C

Detailed Hint:
  • Organic molecules are characterized by their carbon-based structure.
  • This structure, often referred to as the "skeleton", is typically formed by carbon-carbon (C-C) chains due to a property called catenation.
  • These carbon chains serve as the backbone, upon which functional groups can combine to form diverse biomolecules.
  • Given this, the correct answer is A) C-C.

MCQs 21:

What is the immediate source of energy supplied for cellular activities?





Topic: Cellular Energy Sources

Correct Answer: A) Glucose

Detailed Hint:
  • Cells require an immediate source of energy to carry out their functions.
  • Among the options given, glucose serves as the primary fuel for most cells, powering cellular respiration.
  • Nucleic acids and proteins, while vital for other cellular functions, do not serve as immediate energy sources.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A) Glucose.

MCQs 22:

The term 'Sakcharon,' which translates to 'sugar,' originates from which language?





Topic: Etymology of Biological Terms

Correct Answer: A) Greek

Detailed Hint:
  • Biological terminology often has roots in various languages, providing insights into the term's meaning or origin.
  • 'Sakcharon' is a term that translates to 'sugar,' and it comes from the Greek language.
  • Therefore, among the options given, the correct answer is A) Greek.

Question 23:

Approximately what percentage of a cell's total RNA composition does mRNA represent?





Topic: RNA Composition in Cells

Correct Answer: C) 3 to 4%

Detailed Hints:
  • The different types of RNA present within a cell each make up a specific proportion of the total RNA.
  • The mRNA, also known as messenger RNA, is responsible for carrying genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
  • It comprises around 3-4% of the total RNA present within a cell.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C) 3 to 4%.

Question 24:

Which of the following organisms benefit from waxes as a water barrier?





Topic: Role of Waxes in Organisms

Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Detailed Hints:
  • Waxes play a critical role in several organisms, serving as a water barrier.
  • These protective coatings can be found on fruits and leaves, and some insects also secrete waxes.
  • Additionally, waxes aid birds and sheep by providing an additional protective barrier against water.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D) All of the above.

Question 25:

Which of the following are considered polymers of amino acids?





Topic: Amino Acid Polymers

Correct Answer: D) Proteins

Detailed Hints:
  • Amino acids are the building blocks of certain biological compounds.
  • They combine in variable sequences and numbers to form larger structures, or polymers.
  • Among the options given, it is proteins that are synthesized by the condensation of amino acid monomers, making them polymers of amino acids.
  • Hence, the correct answer is D) Proteins.

Question 26:

Which atom is not a component of carbohydrates?





Topic: Carbohydrate Composition

Correct Answer: D) Nitrogen

Detailed Hints:
  • Carbohydrates are essentially 'hydrated carbons', comprised of specific atoms.
  • The constituents include carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  • The basic structure is dictated by the formula Cx(H2O)y, where both x and y represent various whole numbers.
  • Therefore, among the given options, nitrogen is not a component of carbohydrates, making the correct answer D) Nitrogen.

Question 27:

What is the most prevalent organic compound found within cells?





Topic: Organic Compound Abundance in Cells

Correct Answer: A) Proteins

Detailed Hints:
  • Cells contain numerous organic compounds, each playing a significant role.
  • Proteins are major structural organic biomolecules, forming the backbone of cell, tissue, and organ structure.
  • They account for more than 50% of the dry weight of organic biomass and are abundant in both structural and functional forms.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A) Proteins.

Question 28:

What is the composition of hemoglobin?





Topic: Hemoglobin Composition

Correct Answer: C) Two alpha and two beta chains

Detailed Hints:
  • Hemoglobin is a carrier protein in our blood, consisting of various amino acid chains.
  • It consists of 574 amino acids in four chains of tertiary proteins: two alpha chains and two beta chains.
  • Each alpha chain contains 141 amino acids, while each beta chain contains 146 amino acids.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C) Two alpha and two beta chains.

Question 29:

Which of the following is an example of a structural protein?





Topic: Structural Proteins

Correct Answer: D) Collagen

Detailed Hints:
  • Proteins in organisms serve a variety of roles, from structural to functional.
  • Collagen makes up the primary framework of bones and cartilage, thus categorizing it as a structural protein.
  • On the other hand, hemoglobin, albumin, and antibodies have majorly functional roles.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D) Collagen.

Question 30:

How many amino acids make up a molecule of insulin?





Topic: Insulin Composition

Correct Answer: C) 51

Detailed Hints:
  • Insulin, a human hormone, is composed of a certain number of amino acids.
  • It is a dimer, which means it contains two main chains, an A-chain of 21 amino acids and a B-chain of 30 amino acids, linked together by disulfide bonds.
  • By adding the number of amino acids in both chains, we find that insulin consists of 51 amino acids in total.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C) 51.

Question 31:

What is the general formula for monosaccharides?





Topic: Monosaccharide Formula

Correct Answer: C) (CH2O)n

Detailed Hint:
  • Monosaccharides, the simplest form of carbohydrates, have a specific general chemical formula.
  • All monosaccharides follow the formula (CH2O)n, where n is a whole number.
  • In this formula, C represents carbon, H represents hydrogen, O represents oxygen, and n represents the number of these units in the molecule.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C) (CH2O)n.

Question 32:

How can we categorize starch in terms of its molecular structure and size?





Topic: Starch Classification

Correct Answer: C) Polymer, Macromolecule

Detailed Hint:
  • When considering the molecular structure and size of starch, we must consider whether it is a monomer or a polymer and whether it is a micro or a macromolecule.
  • A monomer is a molecule that forms the basic unit for polymers, whereas a polymer is a larger molecule composed of many repeated subunits, known as monomers.
  • In terms of size, micro molecules are smaller in size, while macromolecules are large complex molecules.
  • Given this, starch, which is a polysaccharide, falls under the category of polymers and, due to its large size, is considered a macromolecule.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C) Polymer, Macromolecule.
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