Biological Molecules Test 6

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Question 1:

What is the most prevalent disaccharide found in nature?





Topic: Disaccharides in Nature

Correct Answer: A) Sucrose

Detailed Hints:
  • Disaccharides are a type of carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharide molecules.
  • The options provided are examples of disaccharides.
  • Sucrose is the most prevalent disaccharide in nature and is found in many plants, serving as the primary ingredient in table sugar.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Sucrose".

Question 2:

What is the minimum percentage of water required for protoplasm to survive?





Topic: Water Proportion in Protoplasm

Correct Answer: C) 10%

Detailed Hints:
  • Protoplasm, the living part of a cell, is primarily composed of water.
  • If the water content in protoplasm drops below a certain level, it ceases to function.
  • Among the given options, protoplasm cannot survive with less than 10% water content.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "10%".

Question 3:

Identify the enzyme that triggers the transformation of sucrose into glucose and fructose.





Topic: Enzymatic Conversion of Sucrose

Correct Answer: B) Sucrase

Detailed Hints:
  • The breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose is facilitated by a specific enzyme.
  • Among the provided options, sucrase is the enzyme responsible for this transformation.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Sucrase".

Question 4:

What is the protein content in the dry mass of Prokaryotic cells?





Topic: Protein Composition in Prokaryotic Cells

Correct Answer: B) 15%

Detailed Hints:
  • The dry mass of cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, consists of various components, including proteins.
  • From the options provided, the protein content in the dry mass of prokaryotic cells is 15%.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "15%".

Question 5:

Which functional group is found in fructose?





Topic: Functional Groups in Sugars

Correct Answer: A) Ketonic Group

Detailed Hints:
  • Fructose, like other sugars, contains a specific functional group that defines its chemical structure.
  • Among the provided options, the ketonic group is the functional group present in fructose.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Ketonic Group".

Question 6:

What is the water content in the bodies of living organisms?





Topic: Water Content in Organisms

Correct Answer: D) 70% to 90%

Detailed Hints:
  • Water is a critical component of living organisms and makes up a significant portion of their body mass.
  • Among the options provided, living organisms typically contain between 70% and 90% water.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "70% to 90%".

Question 7:

Which is the second most prevalent organic compound in protoplasm?





Topic: Organic Compound Abundance in Protoplasm

Correct Answer: C) Carbohydrates

Detailed Hints:
  • Protoplasm, the living part of a cell, consists of various organic compounds.
  • After proteins, carbohydrates are the second most abundant organic compound in protoplasm.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Carbohydrates".

Question 8:

What type of bond forms the backbone of organic compounds?





Topic: Bonding in Organic Compounds

Correct Answer: B) C-C bond

Short Hint: Organic compounds are structured around a backbone of interconnected bonds.
  • Among the possibilities presented, the C-C (carbon-carbon) bond forms the backbone of organic compounds.
  • Consequently, the right answer is B, "C-C bond".

Question 9:

Which two molecules are produced when lactose is hydrolyzed?





Topic: Hydrolysis of Lactose

Correct Answer: B) Glucose + Galactose

Short Hint: The hydrolysis of lactose, a type of disaccharide, results in the formation of two simpler sugar molecules.
  • Among the provided options, glucose and galactose are produced as a result of lactose hydrolysis.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "Glucose + Galactose".

Question 10:

What characteristics are associated with monosaccharides?





Topic: Characteristics of Monosaccharides

Correct Answer: D) All of the Above

Short Hint: Monosaccharides, the simplest type of carbohydrates, exhibit certain defining characteristics.
  • Among the choices listed, all of them - solubility in water, sweet taste, and the empirical formula (CH2O)n - are characteristic of monosaccharides.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "All of the Above".

Question 11:

Which group is attached to the glucose polymer present in the exoskeleton of arthropods?





Topic: Composition of Arthropod Exoskeletons

Correct Answer: A) NH2

Detailed Hint:
  • The exoskeleton of arthropods, such as crabs and insects, is primarily made up of a specific glucose polymer.
  • This polymer has an attached group that sets it apart, and among the choices listed, the NH2 group fits this description.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is A, "NH2".

Question 12:

What is the most abundant carbohydrate found in nature?





Topic: Prevalence of Carbohydrates in Nature

Correct Answer: A) Cellulose

Detailed Hint:
  • Different carbohydrates are scattered throughout nature, each with its own distribution and abundance.
  • Among the options provided, cellulose is identified as the most prevalent carbohydrate in nature.
  • As a result, the correct answer is A, "Cellulose".

Question 13:

Which carbohydrate has an additional amino group attached to it?





Topic: Structure of Carbohydrates

Correct Answer: A) Chitin

Detailed Hint:
  • Certain carbohydrates stand out due to the presence of an additional amino group in their structure.
  • Of the options given, chitin is known to possess this additional amino group.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Chitin".

Question 14:

How many peptide bonds are present in an insulin protein?





Topic: Structure of Insulin

Correct Answer: B) 49

Detailed Hint:
  • The structure of insulin, a protein hormone, is formed by a specific number of peptide bonds.
  • The correct count among the provided choices is 49 peptide bonds, which together with 51 amino acids and 2 polypeptide chains, make up the insulin protein.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "49".

Question 15:

Which of the following best describes the nature of carbohydrates?





Topic: Definition of Carbohydrates

Correct Answer: A) Polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone

Detailed Hint:
  • As a class of biomolecules, carbohydrates possess a unique structure making them essential to life.
  • From the options given, a carbohydrate is best described as a "Polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone" or substances that yield such compounds upon hydrolysis.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone".

Question 16:

What does the human body produce when it breaks down beta-carotene?





Topic: Beta-Carotene Metabolism

Correct Answer: A) Vitamin A

Detailed Hint:
  • Beta-carotene, an essential nutrient, is metabolized by the human body into a specific vitamin.
  • Among the options, breaking down beta-carotene yields two molecules of Vitamin A.
  • Hence, the correct answer is A, "Vitamin A".

Question 17:

Which component maintains a consistent ratio in both mammalian and bacterial cells?





Topic: Cell Composition

Correct Answer: D) All of these

Detailed Hint:
  • Cells, regardless of their origin (mammalian or bacterial), contain specific components that stay in the same proportion.
  • The options listed, which include water, inorganic ions, and enzymes and hormones, are all found in similar ratios in both cell types.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "All of these".

Question 18:

In which part of the body are glycolipids predominantly found?





Topic: Glycolipid Distribution

Correct Answer: D) Both A and B

Detailed Hint:
  • Glycolipids are essential conjugated molecules that have a specific distribution within the body.
  • Among the options, glycolipids are primarily found in the brain and the plasma membrane.
  • Hence, the correct answer is D, "Both A and B".

Question 19:

What term is used to describe the molecules present in living organisms?





Topic: Bio-molecule Definition

Correct Answer: C) Bio-molecule

Detailed Hint:
  • Living organisms are composed of specific types of molecules that play essential roles in biological functions.
  • The term "Bio-molecule" best describes these crucial molecules present in living organisms.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "Bio-molecule".

Question 20:

Identify the statement that does NOT accurately describe the properties of water:





Topic: Properties of Water

Correct Answer: D) Reaches maximum density at 0°C

Detailed Hint:
  • Water, a vital component of life, has several unique properties that are essential for its various roles.
  • Among the various options, the claim that water achieves its maximum density at 0°C is not accurate – this occurs at 4°C.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Reaches maximum density at 0°C".

Question 21:

Which of the following amino acids belongs to the group possessing aromatic R groups?





Topic: Amino Acids with Aromatic R groups

Correct Answer: D) All of these

Detailed Hint:
  • Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, can be categorized based on the properties of their side chain or 'R group'.
  • In this case, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan all have aromatic R groups.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "All of these".

Question 22:

Approximately what percentage of glucose do grapes contain?





Topic: Glucose Content in Fruits

Correct Answer: D) 27%

Detailed Hint:
  • Different fruits have varying levels of glucose, a simple sugar that provides energy.
  • Among the options provided, grapes contain approximately 27% glucose.
  • Hence, the correct answer is D, "27%".

Question 23:

What is the triose keto sugar?





Topic: Sugars and Their Classification

Correct Answer: B) Dihydroxyacetone

Detailed Hint:
  • Various sugars are classified based on their chemical structure and properties.
  • Dihydroxyacetone, among the options provided, is classified as a triose keto sugar due to its specific structure.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "Dihydroxyacetone".

Question 24:

Given that oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, what property is exhibited by the water molecule?





Topic: Molecular Characteristics

Correct Answer: D) Polar

Detailed Hint:
  • The difference in electronegativity between atoms in a molecule influences its properties.
  • With oxygen being more electronegative than hydrogen, a water molecule exhibits polarity.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Polar".

Question 25:

Which is the most abundant organic bio-molecule in a bacterial cell?





Topic: Cell Composition

Correct Answer: C) Proteins

Detailed Hint:
  • Different bio-molecules constitute a significant proportion of a cell's composition.
  • Among the options provided, proteins are the most abundant organic bio-molecules in bacterial cells.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C, "Proteins".

Question 26:

Which statement accurately describes the electronegativity of atoms in a water molecule?





Topic: Molecular Electronegativity

Correct Answer: B) Hydrogen is less electronegative than oxygen

Detailed Hint:
  • Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons.
  • In the context of a water molecule, hydrogen is less electronegative than oxygen.
  • This difference leads to the polar nature of water.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "Hydrogen is less electronegative than oxygen".

Question 27:

Which bio-molecule is the most prevalent on Earth?





Topic: Biomolecular Distribution

Correct Answer: B) Protein

Detailed Hint:
  • Bio-molecules are spread unevenly across the Earth, and their abundance varies.
  • Proteins, among the options given, are the most abundant bio-molecule on Earth.
  • This is due to their diverse roles in almost all biological functions.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Protein".

Question 28:

What are the most abundant organic compounds present in cells?





Topic: Cellular Composition

Correct Answer: C) Proteins

Detailed Hint:
  • Cells, the basic units of life, contain a variety of organic compounds.
  • Among these compounds, proteins are the most abundant.
  • Proteins play a crucial role in many cellular processes, including structure, function, and regulation.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "Proteins".

Question 29:

Which of the following options is a pentose sugar?





Topic: Types of Sugars

Correct Answer: D) All of these

Detailed Hints:
  • Sugars are classified based on their molecular structure and the number of carbon atoms they contain.
  • Pentose sugars are characterized by their five carbon atoms.
  • Ribose sugar, deoxyribose sugar, and RUBP all fall into this category.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is D, "All of these".

Question 30:

At which temperature is water the heaviest?





Topic: Properties of Water

Correct Answer: A) At 4°C

Detailed Hints:
  • Water's density varies with changes in temperature.
  • Contrary to many substances, water reaches its maximum density, or heaviest weight, at 4°C.
  • This unique property impacts the thermal characteristics of aquatic ecosystems.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "At 4°C".

Question 31:

How does the chemical composition of carbohydrates in a mammalian cell compare to that in a bacterial cell?





Topic: Cellular Carbohydrate Composition

Correct Answer: A) More than a bacterial cell

Detailed Hints:
  • Carbohydrates, an essential component of cells, vary in proportion across different types of cells.
  • In mammalian cells, the percentage of carbohydrates is higher (4%) than in bacterial cells (3%).
  • This variance is due to the different metabolic and structural needs of these cell types.
  • Accordingly, the correct answer is A, "More than a bacterial cell".

Question 32:

What type of reaction involves the removal of water?





Topic: Types of Biochemical Reactions

Correct Answer: D) Both A and C

Detailed Hints:
  • In biochemistry, reactions involving water are vital.
  • Condensation reactions remove water to form a new bond.
  • Similarly, anabolic reactions, which construct larger molecules from smaller ones, often require the removal of water.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Both A and C".

Question 33:

If there were no hydrogen bonds in a water molecule, what would its boiling point be?





Topic: Hydrogen Bonding and Boiling Point

Correct Answer: B) -80°C

Detailed Hints:
  • Hydrogen bonds significantly influence the physical properties of water, including its boiling point.
  • The absence of these bonds would lower the boiling point dramatically.
  • Therefore, without hydrogen bonds, water would boil at -80°C.
  • The correct answer, thus, is B, "-80°C".

Question 34:

How many carbon atoms do monosaccharides contain?





Topic: Structure of Monosaccharides

Correct Answer: D) 3-7

Detailed Hints:
  • Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates.
  • These sugars contain between three and seven carbon atoms.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "3-7".

Question 35:

What is the most abundant compound present in the world?





Topic: Abundance of Compounds

Correct Answer: D) Water

Detailed Hint:
  • Compounds are substances that form through a chemical process and are present everywhere.
  • Among these, water is known for its abundance, covering almost 71% of the Earth's surface.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Water".

MCQs 36:

A chain with how many amino acids and three peptide bonds is referred to as a tripeptide?





Topic: Peptide Chains

Correct Answer: A) 4

Detailed Hint:
  • Peptide chains are formed by amino acids linking together through peptide bonds.
  • A tripeptide, as the name suggests, is commonly thought to have three amino acids. However, the presence of three peptide bonds indicates that there are four amino acids in the chain.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "4".

MCQs 37:

Which elements constitute more than 95% of the human body by mass?





Topic: Elemental Composition of the Human Body

Correct Answer: B) C, H, and O

Detailed Hint:
  • The human body is composed of many elements.
  • The most prominent ones by mass are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O), together making up 95% of the body's mass.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "C, H, and O".

MCQs 38:

What structural level do antibodies, which are specialized proteins, have?





Topic: Protein Structures

Correct Answer: D) Quaternary

Detailed Hint:
  • Proteins exhibit a hierarchy of structures: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
  • Antibodies, as specialized proteins, possess a complex structure.
  • They are composed of two heavy and two light polypeptide chains, thus forming a quaternary structure.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Quaternary".

MCQs 39:

In sickle cell anemia, which amino acid is replaced with valine?





Topic: Amino Acid Substitutions

Correct Answer: A) Glutamic acid

Detailed Hint:
  • Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that results from a specific amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein.
  • In this condition, valine replaces the amino acid glutamic acid.
  • Hence, the correct answer is A, "Glutamic acid".

MCQs 40:

What is the carbohydrate component of nucleic acid?





Topic: Structure of Nucleic Acids

Correct Answer: B) Pentose

Detailed Hint:
  • Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of three components: a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar molecule.
  • The sugar component of these nucleic acids is a pentose sugar – deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "Pentose".

MCQs 41:

What type of saccharide is sucrose?





Topic: Classifications of Carbohydrates

Correct Answer: B) Disaccharide

Detailed Hint:
  • Carbohydrates can be classified into four chemical groupings; monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
  • Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, consists of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, hence classified as a disaccharide.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "Disaccharide".

Question 42:

Which of the following can be categorized as a disaccharide?





Topic: Types of Disaccharides

Correct Answer: D) All of these

Detailed Hint:
  • Disaccharides are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharides.
  • Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are all examples of disaccharides.
  • Sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose, lactose from glucose and galactose, and maltose from two glucose molecules.
  • Hence, the correct answer is D, "All of these".

Question 43:

Which of the following are examples of hexoses?





Topic: Hexoses in Biochemistry

Correct Answer: D) All of these

Detailed Hint:
  • Hexoses are monosaccharides with six carbon atoms.
  • Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all hexoses. They play crucial roles in metabolism and energy production in the human body.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "All of these".

Question 44:

Which of the following phytohormones is a lipid?





Topic: Plant Hormones

Correct Answer: D) All of these

Detailed Hint:
  • Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, regulate plant growth and development.
  • Among them, Auxins, Gibberellins, and Cytokinins are vital. All these are lipid-based and play significant roles in various plant functions.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "All of these".

Question 45:

If hydrogen bonds were removed from water, what would be its freezing point?





Topic: Properties of Water

Correct Answer: D) -100°C

Detailed Hint:
  • Hydrogen bonds significantly contribute to the unique properties of water, such as its relatively high freezing and boiling points.
  • If these bonds were removed, both freezing and boiling points would drastically decrease.
  • Consequently, the freezing point of water would be around -100°C. Hence, the correct answer is D, "-100°C".
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