Biological Molecules Test 7

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Question 1:

What causes Lipids to generate more energy compared to carbohydrates?





Topic: Energy Production in Biomolecules

Correct Answer: B) They have more C-H bonds

Detailed Hint:
  • Energy production in biomolecules is closely linked to their chemical structure.
  • C-H bonds, found more abundantly in lipids, release more energy upon breaking compared to other bond types.
  • Thus, the correct response is B, "They have more C-H bonds".

Question 2:

Which fatty acid will have the highest melting point?





Topic: Molecular Structure and Melting Points

Correct Answer: B) Palmatic acid (16)

Detailed Hint:
  • The melting point of a fatty acid is determined by its carbon content; the more carbon a fatty acid has, the higher its melting point.
  • Comparing the options, Palmatic acid (16) has the highest number of carbon atoms.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Palmatic acid (16)".

Question 3:

What is a triglyceride called when a single fatty acid is replaced by phosphoric acid?





Topic: Lipid Classification

Correct Answer: B) Phospholipid

Detailed Hint:
  • Triglycerides typically consist of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
  • When one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphoric acid, the resulting compound is a phospholipid.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "Phospholipid".

Question 4:

What color is Xanthophyll in carotenoids?





Topic: Pigment Colors in Carotenoids

Correct Answer: C) Yellow

Detailed Hint:
  • Carotenoids are pigments found in plants and some other photosynthetic organisms.
  • Xanthophyll, a type of carotenoid, is known for its distinctive yellow color.
  • Therefore, the correct response is C, "Yellow".

Question 5:

What are the repetitive units that constitute Terpenoids?





Topic: Structure of Terpenoids

Correct Answer: A) Isoprene

Detailed Hint:
  • Terpenoids are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic compounds derived from five-carbon isoprene units.
  • Even though terpenoids can be modified into a variety of structures, their basic building unit is isoprene.
  • So, the correct answer is A, "Isoprene".

Question 6:

What is the functional group of glycerol?





Topic: Chemical Structure of Glycerol

Correct Answer: C) Hydroxyl

Detailed Hint:
  • Glycerol, also known as glycerine, is an organic compound with three hydroxyl functional groups.
  • While the other options represent different types of functional groups, they do not correctly describe the functional groups present in glycerol.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Hydroxyl".

Question 7:

What is a steroid with a 4-fused ring structure of 17 carbons and a CH3 functional group typically used as?





Topic: Function of Steroids

Correct Answer: B) A Sex hormone

Detailed Hint:
  • Steroids are organic compounds with a specific 4-ring structure, with different functional groups determining their specific functions.
  • In this case, the presence of a CH3 group indicates that the steroid is typically used as a sex hormone, more specifically testosterone.
  • So, the correct answer is B, "A Sex hormone".

Question 8:

What is responsible for the contraction and movement of muscles?





Topic: Structure and Function of Muscles

Correct Answer: A) Fibrous shape

Detailed Hint:
  • The muscle's ability to contract and move is largely due to its unique fibrous structure.
  • While globular structures may be associated with many types of proteins, they do not directly contribute to muscle movement.
  • As such, the correct answer is A, "Fibrous shape".

Question 9:

Which of the following is chemically classified as a nucleoprotein?





Topic: Biological Macromolecules

Correct Answer: D) Both A & B

Detailed Hints:
  • Nucleoproteins are complexes that consist of proteins combined with nucleic acids (RNA or DNA).
  • Both ribosomes and chromosomes fit this description as they are complexes of RNA and protein, and DNA and protein, respectively.
  • Hence, the correct answer is D, "Both A & B".

Question 10:

What occurs in the haemoglobin of individuals with sickle cell disease?





Topic: Biochemical Changes in Genetic Diseases

Correct Answer: B) Glutamic acid is replaced by valine

Detailed Hints:
  • Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition that affects the shape and function of the haemoglobin molecule in red blood cells.
  • This is due to a point mutation where the amino acid glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the hemoglobin molecule.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Glutamic acid is replaced by valine".

Question 11:

In the case of sickle cell anemia, which amino acid replaces glutamic acid in the haemoglobin molecule?





Topic: Pathology of Sickle Cell Anemia

Correct Answer: D) Valine

Detailed Hints:
  • Sickle cell anemia is a genetic condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of haemoglobin in the red blood cells.
  • This abnormality is due to a mutation where glutamic acid, a normal component of the haemoglobin molecule, is replaced by another amino acid - valine.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is D, "Valine".

Question 12:

What is the primary composition of chromosomes?





Topic: Composition of Chromosomes

Correct Answer: B) DNA and Proteins

Detailed Hints:
  • Chromosomes, found in the nucleus of a cell, function as carriers of genetic information.
  • The major components of chromosomes are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated proteins called histones, which play a crucial role in maintaining chromosome structure and regulating gene expression.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "DNA and Proteins".

Question 13:

Which type of proteins are primarily found in the skin, muscles, hair, and nails of animals?





Topic: Types and Distribution of Proteins

Correct Answer: C) Both A & B

Detailed Hints:
  • In animals, specific proteins are associated with different structures.
  • Keratin is a protein that is a key structural component of hair and nails, whereas collagen is a fibrous protein that provides strength and elasticity to the skin and muscles.
  • Therefore, both keratin and collagen are correct responses, making C, "Both A & B", the correct answer.

Question 14:

At which level of structural organization does a protein form a 3-D structure?





Topic: Protein Structure

Correct Answer: C) Tertiary

Detailed Hints:
  • Protein structure is categorized into four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
  • Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional shape that a protein assumes when the secondary structure folds into a unique shape.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "Tertiary".

Question 15:

What shape is formed by the coiling of polypeptide chains with each other?





Topic: Protein Structure

Correct Answer: B) Globular

Detailed Hints:
  • Polypeptide chains can coil and fold in various ways, resulting in different shapes.
  • When the chains coil with each other, they form a complex, spherical (globular) shape.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "Globular".

Question 16:

Which type of bond is formed between H3PO4 and the OH group of a pentose sugar?





Topic: Chemical Bonding in Biological Molecules

Correct Answer: D) Ester linkage

Detailed Hints:
  • Bonds between molecules play critical roles in the structure and function of biological components.
  • The bond between H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) and the OH group of a sugar is specifically an ester linkage.
  • As such, the correct answer is D, "Ester linkage".

Question 17:

Which category of lipids does not include fatty acids in its composition?





Topic: Types of Lipids

Correct Answer: C) Steroids

Detailed Hints:
  • Lipids are a broad group of naturally occurring molecules which include fats, waxes, sterols, and others.
  • Among these, steroids are unique as they are composed of four fused carbon rings and do not contain fatty acids.
  • This makes the correct answer C, "Steroids".

Question 18:

Suppose a protein is composed of 60 amino acids and assembled from four chains. What would be the likely number of peptide bonds?





Topic: Structure of Proteins

Correct Answer: C) 56

Detailed Hints:
  • A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other.
  • The number of peptide bonds in a protein can be estimated using the formula: Number of amino acids - Number of chains. So, 60 - 4 = 56 peptide bonds.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "56".

Question 19:

What type of fatty acid is characterized by the presence of a double bond between carbon atoms in its R group?





Topic: Classification of Fatty Acids

Correct Answer: A) Unsaturated

Detailed Hints:
  • Fatty acids can be classified as saturated or unsaturated based on the bonds present in their structure.
  • An unsaturated fatty acid contains one or more double or triple bonds between its carbon atoms.
  • Hence, the correct answer is A, "Unsaturated".

Question 20:

Compared to lipids, how much energy is stored in carbohydrates?





Topic: Energy Storage in Biomolecules

Correct Answer: A) Less

Detailed Hints:
  • Lipids and carbohydrates are two key classes of biomolecules involved in energy storage.
  • Lipids, with more carbon-hydrogen bonds, have a higher potential for energy storage than carbohydrates.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Less".

Question 21:

Which class of lipids has the highest solubility in water?





Topic: Solubility of Lipids

Correct Answer: B) Phospholipids

Detailed Hints:
  • Lipids are typically hydrophobic or water-insoluble. However, phospholipids are an exception.
  • Phospholipids, due to their hydrophilic head, exhibit greater solubility in water compared to other lipids.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "Phospholipids".

Question 22:

Which type of RNA transports genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes?





Topic: Functions of Different Types of RNA

Correct Answer: A) mRNA

Detailed Hints:
  • There are several types of RNA, each with distinct functions in protein synthesis.
  • mRNA, or messenger RNA, is the type that carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "mRNA".

Question 23:

What molecules does the human body generate by breaking down beta-molecules?





Topic: Vitamin Metabolism

Correct Answer: A) Vitamin-A

Detailed Hints:
  • The human body metabolizes different molecules into vital nutrients.
  • In the case of beta-molecules, these are typically broken down into two molecules of Vitamin-A.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "Vitamin-A".

Question 24:

Which type of conjugated molecule is a component of the cell membrane and is also found in the brain?





Topic: Biochemical Composition of Cells

Correct Answer: B) Glycolipid

Detailed Hints:
  • Conjugated molecules are found in various compartments of the body, including the cell membrane and the brain.
  • Among the options given, glycolipids are one such molecule that is both a component of the cell membrane and found in the brain.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Glycolipid".
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