Bioenergetics Test 1

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Question 1:

What type of process is Photosynthesis?





Topic: Biological Processes - Photosynthesis

Correct Answer: C) Redox

Detailed Explanation:
  • Photosynthesis is a biological process which involves both oxidation and reduction reactions, hence it's referred to as a 'Redox' process.
  • In the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to sugar while water is oxidized to molecular oxygen.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Redox".

Question 2:

Which statement is not accurate about Glycolysis?





Topic: Biochemical Processes - Glycolysis

Correct Answer: A) End product is H2O and CO2

Detailed Explanation:
  • Glycolysis is a metabolic process that leads to the conversion of glucose into pyruvate, not H2O and CO2.
  • It does involve the production and expenditure of ATP, and substrate-level phosphorylation.
  • The correct answer is A, "End product is H2O and CO2".

Question 3:

What is the product when pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix?





Topic: Biochemical Reactions - Pyruvate Oxidation

Correct Answer: A) Acetyl CoA

Detailed Explanation:
  • Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, enters the mitochondrial matrix from the cytosol and is oxidized into Acetyl CoA. This process also produces CO2 as a byproduct.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Acetyl CoA".

Question 4:

What is the name of the pathway where electrons pass through both photosystems?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Electron Transport

Correct Answer: C) Z-scheme

Detailed Explanation:
  • The pathway where electrons pass through both photosystems is known as the Z-scheme, named due to its shape.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Z-scheme".

Question 5:

Which photosystem is exclusively involved in cyclic phosphorylation?





Topic: Photosystems and Light-dependent Reactions

Correct Answer: A) Photosystem I

Detailed Explanation :
  • Cyclic phosphorylation only involves the electron flow through Photosystem I.
  • This means that the correct answer is A, "Photosystem I".

Question 6:

What consequence does a plant face if the rate of respiration exceeds the rate of photosynthesis?





Topic: Plant Physiology - Respiration and Photosynthesis

Correct Answer: B) Starvation leading to mortality

Detailed Explanation:
  • If a plant's rate of respiration is higher than its rate of photosynthesis, it will consume more oxygen, leading to starvation and potential death.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Starvation leading to mortality".

Question 7:

What are the end products of the glucose breakdown during glycolysis?





Topic: Metabolic pathways - Glycolysis

Correct Answer: A) Pyruvate

Detailed Explanation:
  • Glycolysis is a crucial metabolic pathway in cellular respiration. During this process, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Pyruvate".

Question 8:

What is another name commonly used to refer to mitochondria?





Topic: Cell Biology - Mitochondria

Correct Answer: D) Cell's power station

Detailed Explanation:
  • Mitochondria are often referred to as the power station of the cell because they produce energy needed for cellular activities.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Cell's power station".

Question 9:

What type of light wavelength is absorbed maximally by the chlorophyll a molecules present in Photosystem II?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Photosystem II

Correct Answer: B) 680 nm

Detailed Hints:
  • Photosystem II incorporates chlorophyll a molecules that absorb light at a maximum wavelength of 680 nm1.

Question 10:

What is the final product of anaerobic respiration in humans and other animals?





Topic: Cellular Respiration - Anaerobic Respiration

Correct Answer: B) Lactic acid

Detailed Hints:
  • The end product of anaerobic respiration in humans and other animals is lactic acid.

Question 11:

What is the first step in the Calvin cycle?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Calvin Cycle

Correct Answer: B) Reaction of CO2 with RUBP2

Detailed Hints:
  • The Calvin cycle initiates when a CO2 molecule reacts with a highly reactive five-carbon sugar called RUBP2.

Question 12:

Where are the carriers of the respiratory chain located?





Topic: Cellular Respiration - Respiratory Chain

Correct Answer: A) Inner membrane of mitochondria

Detailed Hints:
  • The carriers of the respiratory chain are found on the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Question 13:

What is the name given to the column of thylakoid sacs present in the stroma?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Thylakoid Sacs

Correct Answer: A) Grana

Detailed Hints:
  • The stack of thylakoid sacs found in the stroma is referred to as Grana.

Question 14:

Identify a metabolic pathway that serves as a shared link between anaerobic and aerobic forms of respiration.





Topic: Cellular Respiration - Glycolysis

Correct Answer: A) Glycolysis

Detailed Hints:
  • Glycolysis is a shared step in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration.

Question 15:

What is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?





Topic: Cellular Respiration - Stages

Correct Answer: C) Glycolysis-Krebs' cycle-Electron transport chain

Detailed Hints:
  • The stages of cellular respiration occur in the sequence of Glycolysis, Krebs' cycle, and Electron transport chain.

Question 16:

What constituent forms the head of the chlorophyll molecule?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Chlorophyll

Correct Answer: C) 4 Pyrrole rings

Detailed Hints:
  • The chlorophyll molecule's head consists of 4 Pyrrole rings3.

Question 17:

In which part of the human body does lactic acid accumulate?





Topic: Human Physiology - Lactic Acid

Correct Answer: D) Muscles

Detailed Hints:
  • Lactic acid is mainly produced in the muscles during intense physical activity.
  • This leads us to the correct answer D, "Muscles."

Question 18:

Magnesium is a crucial nutrient in green plants because it is a key component of what?





Topic: Plant Physiology - Chlorophyll

Correct Answer: C) Chlorophyll

Detailed Hints:
  • Green plants need magnesium for the production of Chlorophyll.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Chlorophyll."

Question 19:

Which component is absent from the electron transport chain of photosystem II?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Electron Transport Chain

Correct Answer: A) Fd (Ferredoxin)

Detailed Hints:
  • The electron transport chain of photosystem II does not include Ferredoxin (Fd).
  • Hence, the correct answer is A, "Fd (Ferredoxin)."

Question 20:

What happens in the final phase of glycolysis?





Topic: Biochemistry - Glycolysis

Correct Answer: D) Glucose changes into pyruvic acid

Detailed Hints:
  • The last step of glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Glucose changes into pyruvic acid."

Question 21:

Which phase in photosynthesis is responsible for energy transition?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Energy Conversion

Correct Answer: A) Light-dependent reaction

Detailed Hints:
  • The energy conversion phase in photosynthesis is the light-dependent reaction.
  • Hence, the correct answer is A, "Light-dependent reaction."

Question 22:

What does ATP provide during the dark reactions of photosynthesis?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Dark Reactions

Correct Answer: D) Chemical energy

Detailed Hints:
  • ATP contributes chemical energy during the dark reactions.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Chemical energy."

Question 23:

In which location do the dark reactions of photosynthesis transpire?





Topic: Photosynthesis - Dark Reactions

Correct Answer: D) Stroma

Detailed Hints:
  • The location of the dark reactions is the Stroma of the chloroplast.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Stroma."

Question 24:

Which of the following molecules provides the greatest amount of energy?





Topic: Energy - ATP

Correct Answer: C) ATP

Detailed Hints:
  • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is often called the 'molecular unit of currency' for intracellular energy transfer.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "ATP."

Question 25:

What is the term for the long hydrocarbon tail of chlorophyll?





Topic: Chlorophyll Structure

Correct Answer: B) Phytol

Detailed Hints:
  • The long hydrocarbon tail of chlorophyll is referred to as phytol.

Question 26:

How many different photosystems exist?





Topic: Photosystem Varieties

Correct Answer: B) 2

Detailed Hints:
  • There are two known types of photosystems: Photosystem I and Photosystem II.

Question 27:

What is the structure of the Haem component of Haemoglobin?





Topic: Haemoglobin Structure

Correct Answer: C) Porphyrin ring

Detailed Hints:
  • The Haem portion of Haemoglobin is a Porphyrin ring.
  • Haem contains an iron atom within the Porphyrin ring.

Question 28:

What kind of process is cellular respiration?





Topic: Cellular Respiration

Correct Answer: C) Redox

Detailed Hints:
  • Cellular respiration is fundamentally a Redox process.

Question 29:

Which molecule is universally recognized as a hydrogen acceptor?





Topic: Cellular Biochemistry

Correct Answer: A) NAD

Detailed Hints:
  • The molecule that is universally accepted as a hydrogen acceptor is NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
  • NAD plays a crucial role in various cellular chemical reactions by accepting and transferring hydrogen atoms.

Question 30:

Which organelle is responsible for carrying out cell respiration?





Topic: Cellular Respiration

Correct Answer: B) Mitochondria

Detailed Hints:
  • In eukaryotic organisms, cell respiration is conducted by the mitochondria, often referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell."

Question 31:

How many stages of cellular respiration occur inside the mitochondria?





Topic: Cellular Respiration Stages

Correct Answer: C) 3

Detailed Hints:
  • Except for the initial stage of glycolysis which occurs in the cytosol, the other three stages of cellular respiration take place within the mitochondria.
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