Bioenergetics Test 2

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Question 1:

PEPCO is present in which of the following?





Topic: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Correct Answer: B) C4 plants

Detailed Hint:
  • PEPCO, also known as Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase, is a crucial enzyme involved in the process of photosynthesis.
  • It is predominantly found in C4 plants, playing a key role in carbon fixation.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "C4 plants".

Question 2:

What is the first compound formed in C3 photosynthesis that contains three carbons?





Topic: Plant Photosynthesis and Carbon Fixation

Correct Answer: A) 3-phosphoglycerate

Detailed Hint:
  • In the process of C3 photosynthesis, the first stable compound that is formed is a three-carbon molecule.
  • This molecule is referred to as 3-phosphoglycerate.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "3-phosphoglycerate".

Question 3:

How many dark cycles occur for the synthesis of one glucose molecule?






Topic: Photosynthesis and Glucose Synthesis

Correct Answer: B) 2

Detailed Hint:
  • The dark cycle, also known as the Calvin cycle, is the process in photosynthesis where glucose is synthesized.
  • It takes two turns of the dark cycle to produce one molecule of glucose.
  • Hence, the correct response is B, "2".

Question 4:

In the process of photorespiration, which one can act as an oxygenase?





Topic: Photorespiration and Oxygenation

Correct Answer: A) RUBISCO

Detailed Hint:
  • Photorespiration is a process where oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is released by plants.
  • RUBISCO, an enzyme, can act as an oxygenase during this process.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "RUBISCO".

Question 5:

What is the term for ATP generated within the Krebs cycle?





Topic: Energy Production and Krebs Cycle

Correct Answer: C) Substrate-level phosphorylation

Detailed Hint:
  • The Krebs Cycle is a significant part of cellular respiration, during which ATP is produced.
  • The ATP generated in this cycle is through a process called substrate-level phosphorylation.
  • Accordingly, the correct answer is C, "Substrate-level phosphorylation".

Question 6:

Which process represents an oxidation-reduction reaction?





Topic: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in Photosynthesis

Correct Answer: C) Both

Detailed Hint:
  • Oxidation-reduction reactions are fundamental to both the electron transport chain and light reactions involved in photosynthesis.
  • These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, thus altering their oxidation state.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Both".

Question 7:

Which component captures the electrons ejected from Photosystem I?





Topic: Photosystems and Electron Transfer

Correct Answer: D) Ferredoxin-Reductase System (FRS)

Detailed Hint:
  • In the process of photosynthesis, Photosystem I plays a crucial role in the ejection of electrons.
  • These ejected electrons are then captured by the Ferredoxin-Reductase System (FRS).
  • Hence, the correct answer is D, "Ferredoxin-Reductase System (FRS)".

Question 8:

The synthesis of ATP in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) of mitochondria takes place when hydrogen ions do what?





Topic: ATP Synthesis and Mitochondria

Correct Answer: B) Enter the matrix

Detailed Hint:
  • ATP synthesis, a crucial process in energy production, takes place in the mitochondria's Electron Transport Chain.
  • This process is triggered when hydrogen ions enter the matrix of the mitochondria.
  • As such, the correct answer is B, "Enter the matrix".

Question 9:

In which type of plants does the Calvin Cycle occur?





Topic: Calvin Cycle and Plant Types

Correct Answer: C) Both

Detailed Hint:
  • The Calvin Cycle is a vital part of photosynthesis, which is common to all photosynthetic plants.
  • Both C3 and C4 plants undergo the Calvin Cycle.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Both".

Question 10:

What happens to oxygen in the electron transport chain during respiration?





Topic: Respiration and Oxygen Utilization

Correct Answer: C) It is reduced to H2O

Detailed Hint:
  • During respiration, oxygen plays a significant role in the electron transport chain.
  • In this process, oxygen is ultimately reduced to form water (H2O).
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C, "It is reduced to H2O".

Question 11:

How many NADPH2 are utilized in each dark cycle?





Topic: Dark Cycle and NADPH2 Utilization

Correct Answer: C) 6

Detailed Hint:
  • The dark cycle is a key phase in the process of photosynthesis.
  • During one dark cycle, a total of 6 NADPH2 are utilized.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C, "6".

Question 12:

In ten cyclic electron transport chains, how many NADH2 are formed?





Topic: Cyclic Electron Transport and NADH2 Formation

Correct Answer: D) None

Detailed Hint:
  • Cyclic electron transport is a critical part of photosynthesis, contributing to the formation of ATP.
  • However, no NADH2 is formed in this cycle.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "None".

Question 13:

What can the light-independent reaction produce?





Topic: Light-Independent Reaction and Energy Production

Correct Answer: B) 1 ATP + NADPH2

Detailed Hint:
  • The light-independent reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle, is a crucial part of photosynthesis.
  • It produces both ATP and NADPH2, which are essential energy carriers in plants.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "1 ATP + NADPH2".

Question 14:

What is the total quantity of CO2 generated after the complete degradation of one glucose molecule?





Topic: Glucose Breakdown and CO2 Production

Correct Answer: C) 6

Detailed Hint:
  • The breakdown of glucose is a crucial process in cellular respiration, yielding energy for the cell.
  • During this process, one glucose molecule is decomposed, resulting in the production of six CO2 molecules.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "6".

Question 15:

After a single glucose molecule is fully decomposed, what is the total count of CO2 molecules produced?





Topic: Glucose Decomposition and CO2 Generation

Correct Answer: C) 6

Detailed Hint:
  • The decomposition of glucose is a core part of cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular activities.
  • This breakdown of one glucose molecule results in the generation of six CO2 molecules.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C, "6".

Question 16:

What is the end product(s) of the non-cyclic electron pathway?





Topic: Non-Cyclic Electron Pathway and Its Products

Correct Answer: C) ATP and NADPH2

Detailed Hint:
  • The non-cyclic electron pathway is a vital component of the photosynthetic process.
  • This pathway yields both ATP and NADPH2, key energy carriers within the cell.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C, "ATP and NADPH2".

Question 17:

What is NAD composed of?





Topic: Composition of NAD

Correct Answer: B) Nucleotide and a part of Vit-B3

Detailed Hints:
  • NAD, or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is an essential coenzyme in various biological reactions.
  • It is composed of a nucleotide and a component of Vitamin B3.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "Nucleotide and a part of Vit-B3".

Question 18:

During a single glycolysis cycle, how many water molecules are formed?





Topic: Glycolysis and Water Formation

Correct Answer: B) Two

Detailed Hints:
  • Glycolysis is a key metabolic pathway involved in the breakdown of glucose.
  • This process results in the formation of two water molecules.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Two".

Question 19:

Where can RUBISCO be located?





Topic: Localization of RUBISCO

Correct Answer: D) Not found in any of these locations

Detailed Hints:
  • RUBISCO is the most abundant protein on earth, playing a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis.
  • However, it is not found in the matrix of mitochondria, the inter-membranous space, or the cytosol. Instead, it is located in the stroma of the chloroplast.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is D, "Not found in any of these locations".

Question 20:

What is the count of FADH2 generated in each dark cycle?





Topic: FADH2 Production in Dark Cycle

Correct Answer: D) None

Detailed Hints:
  • The dark cycle, also known as the Calvin cycle, is a key phase within the process of photosynthesis.
  • However, this cycle does not result in the production of FADH2.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "None".

Question 21:

What element, when absent, prevents photosynthesis from occurring?





Topic: Essential Elements for Photosynthesis

Correct Answer: A) CO2

Detailed Hints:
  • Photosynthesis is a significant biological process that plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy.
  • The absence of carbon dioxide (CO2) stops this process from taking place.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is A, "CO2".

Question 22:

In the non-cyclic electron pathway, which molecule is the final electron acceptor?





Topic: Non-Cyclic Electron Pathway and Final Electron Acceptor

Correct Answer: B) NADP

Detailed Hints:
  • The non-cyclic electron pathway is an essential component of photosynthesis, facilitating the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
  • In this pathway, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) acts as the final electron acceptor.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "NADP".

Question 23:

What type of anaerobic respiration occurs in humans?





Topic: Anaerobic Respiration in Humans

Correct Answer: B) Lactic acid fermentation

Detailed Hints:
  • Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that occurs without the use of oxygen.
  • In humans, this process manifests as lactic acid fermentation.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "Lactic acid fermentation".

Question 24:

How many ATP molecules are produced in the reaction from pyruvate to lactic acid?





Topic: ATP Production in Lactic Acid Fermentation

Correct Answer: D) None

Detailed Hints:
  • The conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid is a part of the fermentation process.
  • However, this step does not produce ATP.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "None".

Question 25:

In which plants can RUBISCO be found?





Topic: Presence of RUBISCO in Plant Types

Correct Answer: C) Both C3 and C4 plants

Detailed Hint:
  • RUBISCO, an enzyme involved in the first major step of photosynthesis, is present in all photosynthesizing plants.
  • This includes both C3 and C4 plants.
  • As such, the correct answer is C, "Both C3 and C4 plants".

Question 26:

What is the total FADH2 produced following the complete metabolism of maltose?





Topic: FADH2 Production from Maltose Metabolism

Correct Answer: C) Four

Detailed Hint:
  • Maltose is broken down into two glucose molecules during digestion.
  • Upon complete metabolism, each glucose molecule produces two FADH2 molecules.
  • Consequently, the total FADH2 produced from maltose metabolism is four. Hence, the correct answer is C, "Four".

Question 27:

How much total CO2 is produced during the linked reaction following the complete metabolism of glucose?





Topic: CO2 Production from Glucose Metabolism

Correct Answer: D) Six

Detailed Hint:
  • The linked reaction, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a key step in glucose metabolism.
  • During the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule, six molecules of CO2 are produced.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Six".

Question 28:

What is photophosphorylation?





Topic: Photophosphorylation

Correct Answer: B) ATP synthesis driven by solar energy

Detailed Hint:
  • Photophosphorylation is a process that occurs in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms.
  • In this process, ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is synthesized using the energy captured from sunlight.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "ATP synthesis driven by solar energy".

Question 29:

What are the initial reactants in the process of respiration?





Topic: Initial Reactants in Respiration

Correct Answer: D) None of these

Detailed Hint:
  • In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is primarily broken down to produce energy.
  • However, neither fructose, sucrose, PGAL, nor DHAP are the initial reactants in respiration.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "None of these".

Question 30:

Where is the ATP synthase complex located within the mitochondria?





Topic: Location of ATP Synthase in Mitochondria

Correct Answer: B) Inner membrane

Detailed Hint:
  • ATP synthase is a crucial enzyme that generates ATP within the mitochondria.
  • It is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, playing an essential role in cellular respiration.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is B, "Inner membrane".

Question 31:

What is the total number of NADH2 molecules produced following the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule?





Topic: Total NADH2 Generated from Glucose Metabolism

Correct Answer: C) 10

Detailed Hint:
  • The breakdown of one glucose molecule through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain results in the formation of NADH molecules.
  • In total, one glucose molecule produces 10 NADH2 molecules - 2 from the non-cyclic pathway, 6 from the Krebs cycle, and 2 from the link reaction.
  • As such, the correct answer is C, "10".

Question 32:

What do all photosynthetic autotrophs utilize for the synthesis of their organic food molecules?





Topic: Autotrophic Nutrition

Correct Answer: A) CO2

Detailed Hint:
  • Photosynthetic autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food using light energy, typically from the sun.
  • They primarily use carbon dioxide (CO2) as a source of carbon to synthesize organic food molecules through the process of photosynthesis.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "CO2".

Question 33:

How many ATPs does each molecule of NADH2 contribute to creating when it enters the electron transport chain?





Topic: ATP Production in Electron Transport Chain

Correct Answer: D) Three ATPs

Detailed Hint:
  • The electron transport chain is the final stage of cellular respiration, where much of the ATP is produced.
  • Each molecule of NADH2, upon entering the electron transport chain, facilitates the production of three ATP molecules.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Three ATPs".

Question 34:

Which of the following statements is true regarding the link reaction in cellular respiration?





Topic: Cellular Respiration - Link Reaction

Correct Answer: D) Both A & C

Detailed Hint:
  • The link reaction, which connects glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, involves the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl Co-A.
  • This process also results in the production of CO2.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is D, "Both A & C".

Question 35:

What would be the impact on life on Earth if photosynthesis ceased to occur?





Topic: Impact of Photosynthesis on Earth's Ecosystem

Correct Answer: C) Life on Earth would no longer be feasible.

Detailed Hint:
  • Photosynthesis is a vital process that helps maintain life on Earth by capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy (food) for plants.
  • It also aids in maintaining the Earth's atmosphere by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, which most living organisms, including humans, require for survival.
  • If photosynthesis were to cease, the oxygen levels would drop, and carbon dioxide would accumulate, making Earth uninhabitable. Hence, the correct answer is C, "Life on Earth would no longer be feasible".

Question 36:

How many ATP molecules does the complete breakdown of palmitic acid generate?





Topic: ATP Generation from Palmitic Acid Metabolism

Correct Answer: A) 96

Detailed Hint:
  • Palmitic acid is a common fatty acid that undergoes metabolic reactions to generate ATP.
  • It is a 16 carbon compound, and its complete breakdown results in the production of 96 ATP molecules.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "96".

Question 37:

Where does the light reaction stage of photosynthesis occur?





Topic: Light Reaction Site in Photosynthesis

Correct Answer: A) Grana

Detailed Hint:
  • The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, commonly known as the light reactions, occur in a specific part of the chloroplast called the grana.
  • Grana refers to the stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast, where chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing sunlight, is located.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Grana".

Question 38:

What does the oxidative phase of glycolysis involve the oxidation of?





Topic: Glycolysis - Oxidative Phase

Correct Answer: B) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

Detailed Hint:
  • Glycolysis is a crucial metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to generate energy for the cell.
  • The oxidative phase specifically involves the oxidation of Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), not glucose or PGAL.
  • As a result, the correct answer is B, "Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)".

Question 39:

Which compound is prepared during the preparatory phase of glycolysis?





Topic: Glycolysis - Preparatory Phase

Correct Answer: B) Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)

Detailed Hint:
  • Glycolysis, the initial stage of glucose metabolism, has two main phases - the preparatory phase and the payoff phase.
  • The preparatory phase involves the preparation of Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL).
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)".

Question 40:

Which of the following processes does not occur in humans?





Topic: Fermentation in Humans

Correct Answer: A) Alcoholic fermentation

Detailed Hint:
  • Fermentation is a metabolic process that allows cells to produce energy in the absence of oxygen.
  • In humans, lactic acid fermentation occurs, especially during strenuous exercise when oxygen supply to muscle cells is limited.
  • However, alcoholic fermentation, which is common in yeast and some bacteria, does not occur in humans.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Alcoholic fermentation".

Question 41:

What mechanism synthesizes ATP during the light reaction?





Topic: ATP Synthesis in Light Reaction

Correct Answer: A) Photophosphorylation

Detailed Hint:
  • The light reactions of photosynthesis produce ATP, a critical form of chemical energy for the cell.
  • These reactions utilize a process called photophosphorylation, which harnesses light energy to generate ATP.
  • As a result, the correct answer is A, "Photophosphorylation".

Question 42:

In substrate level phosphorylation, during the preparatory phase of glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are produced net?





Topic: Glycolysis - Substrate Level Phosphorylation

Correct Answer: C) 0

Detailed Hint:
  • Substrate-level phosphorylation is a biochemical process that generates ATP during glycolysis.
  • However, in the preparatory phase of glycolysis, there is no net production of ATP; instead, ATP is consumed.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "0".

Question 43:

Where does the Kreb's cycle occur in aerobic bacteria?





Topic: Kreb's Cycle in Aerobic Bacteria

Correct Answer: B) Mesosome

Detailed Hint:
  • The Kreb's cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a critical step in aerobic respiration, where it breaks down acetyl CoA to release energy.
  • In aerobic bacteria, the Kreb’s cycle occurs in a part of the cell called the mesosome.
  • As a result, the correct answer is B, "Mesosome".

Question 44:

Which photosystem captures the electrons from water during the light reaction?





Topic: Light Reaction - Photosystems

Correct Answer: B) Photosystem II

Detailed Hint:
  • During photosynthesis, the light reaction is the process where light energy is converted into chemical energy.
  • This process involves photosystems which are complexes of proteins and pigments that are crucial for capturing light energy.
  • In this context, Photosystem II is the one that captures the electrons from water.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Photosystem II".

Question 45:

What component should not be a part of the cyclic light reaction?





Topic: Cyclic Light Reaction Components

Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Detailed Hint:
  • The cyclic light reaction is a part of photosynthesis that involves the recycling of electrons to generate ATP.
  • This process does not involve Photosystem II, NADPH2, or NADP.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "All of the above".

Question 46:

Which molecule is regenerated from phosphoglyceraldehyde in the Calvin cycle?





Topic: Calvin Cycle - Molecule Regeneration

Correct Answer: C) Ribulose bisphosphate

Detailed Hint:
  • The Calvin cycle is the part of photosynthesis that facilitates the fixation of carbon dioxide into organic molecules.
  • During this cycle, Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) is regenerated from phosphoglyceraldehyde.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "Ribulose bisphosphate".

Question 47:

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?





Topic: Calvin Cycle Location

Correct Answer: A) Stroma of chloroplast

Detailed Hint:
  • The Calvin cycle is a light-independent process that occurs as part of photosynthesis.
  • It primarily involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.
  • This cycle transpires in the stroma, the fluid-filled interior of chloroplasts in plant cells.
  • Therefore, the accurate answer is A, "Stroma of chloroplast".
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