intro
Question 1:
What is the phase of cellular respiration that does not necessitate Oxygen?
Topic: Stages in Cellular Respiration
Correct Answer: A) Glycolysis
- Cellular respiration includes multiple stages, each having different requirements.
- "Glycolysis" is the only phase among the provided options that occurs in the absence of Oxygen.
- Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol and doesn't require Oxygen, unlike the other stages which occur within the mitochondria where Oxygen is essential.
- Thus, the correct answer is A, "Glycolysis".
Question 2:
What does the term 'Glycolysis' directly translate to?
Topic: Glycolysis and its Meaning
Correct Answer: B) Breakdown of Sugar
- 'Glycolysis' is a term derived from Greek roots which essentially means 'breakdown of sugar'.
- This process is a catabolic one, where six-carbon sugars, or hexoses, are oxidized and subsequently broken down into pyruvate molecules.
- Consequently, the correct answer is B, "Breakdown of Sugar".
Question 3:
Where exactly do the light reactions occur in photosynthesis?
Topic: Location of Light Reactions in Photosynthesis
Correct Answer: C) Grana
- Light reactions in photosynthesis occur in a specific location within the chloroplasts, called the 'Grana'.
- Grana are essentially stacks of another structure called 'Thylakoids'. If 'Grana' was not provided as an option, 'Thylakoids' would have been the correct answer.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Grana".
Question 4:
Which series correctly represents the progression of reactions in the Krebs cycle?
Topic: Sequence in Krebs cycle
Correct Answer: C) Succinate → Fumarate → Malate → Oxaloacetate
- The Krebs cycle involves a specific sequence of reactions, converting and transforming different molecules.
- The correct sequence among the options given is 'Succinate → Fumarate → Malate → Oxaloacetate'.
- Thus, the correct answer is C, "Succinate → Fumarate → Malate → Oxaloacetate".
Question 5:
In the electron transport chain, which substance serves as the ultimate electron acceptor?
Topic: Electron Transport Chain
Correct Answer: C) Oxygen
- The electron transport chain is a vital component of cellular respiration where electrons are passed from one carrier to another.
- The final receiver of these electrons in the chain is molecular oxygen, making it the 'terminal electron acceptor'.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Oxygen".
Question 6:
The oxidative phase of glycolysis initiates with the dehydrogenation of which compound?
Topic: Oxidative Phase of Glycolysis
Correct Answer: C) Glucose-6-phosphate
- In the process of glycolysis, there is an oxidative phase which commences with the dehydrogenation of a specific molecule.
- Among the options given, 'Glucose-6-phosphate' is the molecule that undergoes dehydrogenation at the start of the oxidative phase.
- Thus, the correct answer is C, "Glucose-6-phosphate".
Question 7:
Under what conditions can glycolysis occur?
Topic: Conditions for Glycolysis
Correct Answer: C) Both in the presence and absence of oxygen
- Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that is part of cellular respiration, breaking down glucose to form pyruvate.
- This process can occur irrespective of the presence or absence of oxygen, making it unique among the other stages of cellular respiration.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Both in the presence and absence of oxygen".
Question 8:
How many stages are involved in cellular respiration?
Topic: Stages in Cellular Respiration
Correct Answer: D) Four
- Cellular respiration is a crucial biological process comprised of several stages.
- Out of the given options, the number 'four' represents the accurate number of stages in cellular respiration.
- Thus, the correct answer is D, "Four".
Question 9:
What are the components of the dark reaction in photosynthesis?
Topic: Components of Dark Reaction
Correct Answer: D) All of these
- The dark reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle, has multiple steps involved in photosynthesis.
- All the options given, 'Carbon fixation', 'Reduction', and 'Regeneration', are parts of this process.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "All of these".
Question 10:
What is the mechanism through which ATPs are produced during oxidative phosphorylation?
Topic: ATP Production during Oxidative Phosphorylation
Correct Answer: C) Chemiosmosis
- Oxidative phosphorylation is an essential process that leads to the production of ATPs.
- From the options provided, 'Chemiosmosis' is the correct method through which ATPs are produced in this process.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Chemiosmosis".
Question 11:
Into how many phases is glycolysis divided?
Topic: Phases of Glycolysis
Correct Answer: B) Two
- Glycolysis is a metabolic process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
- This process is divided into two distinct phases, namely, the preparatory phase (energy investment phase) and the oxidative phase (payoff phase).
- Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Two".
Question 12:
The structure of the chlorophyll molecule is most similar to which of the following?
Topic: Structure of Chlorophyll
Correct Answer: A) Tetrapyrrole
- Chlorophyll is a vital pigment involved in the process of photosynthesis in plants.
- The structure of chlorophyll resembles a 'Tetrapyrrole', which comprises four pyrrole rings.
- Thus, the correct answer is A, "Tetrapyrrole".
Question 13:
What are the end products of the lactic acid fermentation of pyruvic acid?
Topic: Lactic Acid Fermentation
Correct Answer: C) Lactic acid only
- Lactic acid fermentation is a biological process where glucose and other six-carbon sugars are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate.
- In the case of the lactic acid fermentation of pyruvic acid, the only product formed is 'lactic acid'.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Lactic acid only".
Question 14:
How many molecules of glucose are needed to produce 52 molecules of pyruvic acid through the process of glycolysis?
Topic: Glucose Conversion in Glycolysis
Correct Answer: D) 26
- Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate.
- In this process, one glucose molecule is converted into two molecules of pyruvate.
- Therefore, to form 52 pyruvic acid molecules, 26 glucose molecules are needed. So, the correct answer is D, "26".
Question 15:
What does glucose convert into during intense physical activity?
Topic: Glucose Conversion during Physical Activity
Correct Answer: D) Lactic Acid
- During high-intensity exercise, the body undergoes anaerobic respiration due to a lack of oxygen.
- In this process, glucose is converted into lactic acid, leading to muscle fatigue.
- Hence, the correct answer is D, "Lactic Acid".
Question 16:
The clusters in which photosynthetic pigments are arranged are known as what?
Topic: Photosynthetic Pigment Arrangement
Correct Answer: D) Photosystems
- Photosynthesis involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, facilitated by photosynthetic pigments.
- These pigments are organized into clusters called 'Photosystems' for efficient absorption and conversion of solar energy.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Photosystems".
Question 17:
In the initial phase of the Kreb’s cycle, what is the total count of carbon atoms present in the citrate formed?
Topic: Kreb’s Cycle - Citrate Formation
Correct Answer: D) 6
- The Kreb’s cycle, also known as the Citric Acid Cycle, is a key part of cellular respiration.
- The first product of this cycle is citrate, formed when Acetyl CoA (a compound with two carbon atoms) combines with oxaloacetate (a compound with four carbon atoms).
- This implies that the citrate molecule possesses six carbon atoms. Thus, the correct answer is D, "6".
Question 18:
What is the term for the process of water division that occurs during photosynthesis?
Topic: Photosynthesis - Water Splitting
Correct Answer: A) Photolysis
- Photosynthesis is a biochemical process that converts light energy into chemical energy in plants.
- When a hole appears in the chlorophyll molecule during photosynthesis, it's filled with an electron obtained from water, thereby splitting the water molecule. This step is called 'Photolysis'.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Photolysis".
Question 19:
Which substance is the final product produced through the process of glycolysis?
Topic: Glycolysis End Product
Correct Answer: D) Pyruvate
- Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
- At the end of the glycolysis process, each glucose molecule is converted into two molecules of pyruvate. Hence, 'Pyruvate' is the end product of glycolysis.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Pyruvate".
Question 20:
What is the total ATP yield from the reactions of the respiratory chain?
Topic: ATP Production in Respiratory Chain
Correct Answer: B) 3
- The respiratory chain, also known as the electron transport chain, is the final stage of cellular respiration where the majority of ATP is generated.
- During these series of reactions, for each electron passing through the respiratory chain, three molecules of ATP are produced.
- Thus, the correct answer is B, "3".
Question 21:
In noncyclic phosphorylation, how is the electron flow directed?
Topic: Electron Flow in Noncyclic Phosphorylation
Correct Answer: B) From Photosystem II to Photosystem I
- Noncyclic phosphorylation is a part of photosynthesis where ATP and NADPH are generated.
- In this process, the electrons flow from Photosystem II to Photosystem I, which is an essential step for the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.
- Thus, the correct answer is B, "From Photosystem II to Photosystem I".
Question 22:
Where does the process of glycolysis take place in cells?
Topic: Glycolysis Location
Correct Answer: D) Cytosol
- Glycolysis is a ten-step metabolic pathway that does not require oxygen, where glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate.
- This process occurs in the cytosol of the cell.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Cytosol".
Question 23:
What happens at the compensation point in photosynthesis?
Topic: Compensation Point in Photosynthesis
Correct Answer: C) No net exchange of gases
- The compensation point in photosynthesis is the state where the amount of carbon dioxide utilized in photosynthesis is equal to the amount produced in respiration.
- In this state, there is no net exchange of gases between the leaves and the atmosphere.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "No net exchange of gases".
Question 24:
How many molecules of CO2 are fixed in two cycles of the Calvin cycle?
Topic: Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Calvin Cycle
Correct Answer: C) 6 CO2 molecules
- The Calvin cycle is a process that plants use to turn carbon dioxide into glucose.
- In a single Calvin cycle, three molecules of CO2 are fixed. Thus, in two cycles, six molecules of CO2 would be fixed.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "6 CO2 molecules".
Question 25:
In the process of glycolysis, which occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic cells, glucose is converted into what?
Topic: End Product of Glycolysis
Correct Answer: C) Pyruvic acid
- Glycolysis is a set of metabolic reactions that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power).
- The process takes place in the cytoplasm of virtually all types of cells.
- Thus, the correct answer is C, "Pyruvic acid".
Question 26:
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
Topic: Location of Calvin Cycle
Correct Answer: B) Stroma of chloroplast
- The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of the chloroplast in plants.
- It is not located in the grana, chlorophyll, or roots of plants.
- Thus, the correct answer is B, "Stroma of chloroplast".
Question 27:
What is the term for the light-gathering part of the photosystem?
Topic: Structure of Photosystem
Correct Answer: A) Antenna complex
- The photosystem is an essential part of photosynthesis, made up of a protein complex that includes chlorophyll.
- The light-gathering part of the photosystem is known as the antenna complex. It captures photons and transfers the energy to the reaction center.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Antenna complex".
Question 28:
What oxidizes Co-enzyme Q in the respiratory chain?
Topic: Role of Co-enzyme Q in the Respiratory Chain
Correct Answer: B) Cytochrome b
- Co-enzyme Q is an essential part of the respiratory chain, playing a crucial role in the process of electron transfer.
- It is oxidized by Cytochrome b, which then gets oxidized by Cytochrome c, facilitating the synthesis of ATP.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Cytochrome b".
Question 29:
Which of the following is an alternate name for the Calvin cycle?
Topic: Alternate Names for Calvin Cycle
Correct Answer: A) C3 pathway
- The Calvin cycle, a key part of photosynthesis, is also referred to as the C3 pathway. This name is derived from the three-carbon compound (3-PGA) that is the first stable product of the cycle.
- It should not be confused with the C4 pathway, which is a different photosynthetic process.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "C3 pathway".
Question 30:
What is the accurate sequence of cytochromes in the electron transport chain?
Topic: Sequence of Cytochromes in Electron Transport Chain
Correct Answer: A) b, c, a, a3
- The electron transport chain, a crucial part of cellular respiration, includes several different cytochromes that function in a specific sequence.
- The correct order is Cytochrome b, Cytochrome c, Cytochrome a, and Cytochrome a3. This sequence is crucial for the efficient transfer of electrons and the synthesis of ATP.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "b, c, a, a3".