intro
Question 1:
What color does deoxygenated hemocyanin exhibit?
Topic: Hemocyanin and Color Changes in Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: D) None
- Hemocyanin and hemoglobin are both proteins that transport oxygen in different organisms, but their color changes upon deoxygenation differ.
- In its deoxygenated state, hemoglobin exhibits a dark red color.
- Hemocyanin, however, turns colorless when it is deoxygenated.
- Chlorocruorin also becomes colorless upon deoxygenation.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "None".
Question 2:
What part of the respiratory system is tube-like, approximately 10-12cm in length and 2cm in width, and contains 16 to 20 horseshoe-shaped incomplete rings in the neck region?
Topic: Structures of the Respiratory System
Correct Answer: C) Trachea
- The respiratory system contains several components, including the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
- Among these, the trachea is a tube-like structure that is approximately 10-12cm long and 2cm wide.
- It contains 16-20 incomplete horseshoe-shaped rings that are open at the back and embedded in dense connective tissue.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Trachea".
Question 3:
Which part of the respiratory system not only serves as an air canal to the lungs and controller of its access but also as the organ of voice?
Topic: Functions of the Respiratory System
Correct Answer: B) Larynx
- Each part of the respiratory system has distinct functions.
- The larynx, for instance, serves a dual function. It acts as an air canal to the lungs and controls its access.
- Additionally, it is also the organ of voice in humans.
- Thus, the correct answer is B, "Larynx".
Question 4:
What is the pH of blood?
Topic: Human Blood pH Level
Correct Answer: B) 7.4
- The pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
- In the human body, the blood maintains a slightly alkaline pH level.
- The normal pH of human blood is approximately 7.4.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B, "7.4".
Question 5:
How much oxygen is present in 100 ml of venous blood during exercise?
Topic: Oxygen Content in Blood during Exercise
Correct Answer: B) 15 ml
- Oxygen content in the blood fluctuates based on physical activity.
- During exercise, the body requires more oxygen, which increases its concentration in the blood.
- Consequently, in 100 ml of venous blood during exercise, around 15 ml of oxygen is present.
- Hence, the correct answer is B, "15 ml".
Question 6:
Where are the bronchioles located in the respiratory system and where do they terminate?
Topic: Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Correct Answer: D) Both B and C
- The respiratory system comprises several components, including bronchioles.
- Bronchioles are located at the end of the bronchi and form a network within the lungs.
- They terminate at small, balloon-like structures called alveoli or air sacs.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Both B and C".
Question 7:
Which membrane covers the lungs?
Topic: Anatomy of the Human Body
Correct Answer: C) Pleura membrane
- Different organs in the human body are covered by various membranes which provide protection and support.
- The lungs are covered by a two-layered protective covering called the pleura.
- The peritoneum covers the kidney, the pericardium surrounds the heart, and the meninges envelop the brain.
- Hence, the correct answer is C, "Pleura membrane".
Question 8:
What is the oxygen content in 100cc of blood when haemoglobin is fully saturated?
Topic: Oxygen Saturation and Haemoglobin
Correct Answer: B) 20cc of oxygen
- Oxygen saturation refers to the extent to which haemoglobin is saturated with oxygen.
- When haemoglobin is fully saturated, it carries a specific amount of oxygen.
- For 100cc of blood, the oxygen content is 20cc when haemoglobin is fully saturated.
- Hence, the correct answer is B, "20cc of oxygen".
Question 9:
Approximately what percentage of carbon dioxide is transported in the plasma in dissolved form?
Topic: Carbon Dioxide Transportation in Blood
Correct Answer: A) 7%
- Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of cellular metabolism, is transported in the blood in various forms.
- A small percentage of it is carried dissolved in plasma.
- Approximately 7% of the total carbon dioxide is transported in this manner.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "7%".
Question 10:
How much oxygen would 700ml of blood release to the tissues?
Topic: Oxygen Delivery to Tissues
Correct Answer: D) 35 ml
- The main function of blood is to deliver vital substances such as oxygen to the body tissues.
- The amount of oxygen released depends on the volume of blood.
- For 700ml of blood, approximately 35 ml of oxygen is released to the tissues.
- Hence, the correct answer is D, "35 ml".
Question 11:
How much oxygen is delivered to the tissues by 500ml of blood plasma?
Topic: Oxygen Release from Blood Plasma
Correct Answer: D) 0.85 ml
- Oxygen delivery to tissues depends on the blood volume and composition.
- Blood plasma, a major component of blood, also contributes to oxygen transport.
- In 500ml of blood plasma, approximately 0.85 ml of oxygen is released to the tissues.
- Therefore, the correct answer is D, "0.85 ml".
Question 12:
What is the respiratory pigment found in mollusks?
Topic: Respiratory Pigments in Various Animal Classes
Correct Answer: C) Hemocyanin
- Respiratory pigments are proteins that carry oxygen in various animal species.
- Different classes of animals possess different respiratory pigments.
- For mollusks, the respiratory pigment is hemocyanin.
- Hence, the correct answer is C, "Hemocyanin".
Question 13:
Which part of the body is involved in both the digestive and respiratory systems?
Topic: Anatomy of the Human Body: Digestive and Respiratory Systems
Correct Answer: D) Pharynx
- The human body has several anatomical structures that serve dual functions.
- The pharynx is a structure involved in both digestion, as a passage for food, and respiration, as an air passage.
- Therefore, the body part that plays a role in both the digestive and respiratory systems is the pharynx.
- The correct answer is D, "Pharynx".
Question 14:
What is the name of the detergent-like chemical substance secreted inside the lining of the alveolus by specific cells in its wall?
Topic: Respiratory System: Alveolar Structure
Correct Answer: C) Surfactant
- The alveolus, a key structure in the respiratory system, has distinct features that aid in gas exchange.
- Special cells within the alveolar wall secrete a detergent-like substance.
- This substance, known as a surfactant, decreases the surface tension of the fluid layer lining the alveolus, facilitating easier breathing and lung inflation.
- Thus, the correct answer is C, "Surfactant".
Question 15:
Which voice pitch do adult males typically exhibit due to the size of their vocal cords?
Topic: Human Anatomy: Vocal Cord Size and Voice Pitch
Correct Answer: B) Low
- The pitch of a person's voice is related to the size of their vocal cords.
- Adult males usually have larger vocal cords.
- As a result, they typically have lower-pitched voices.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Low".
Question 16:
What is the resulting compound when Hb4HO2 reacts with H + 4O2?
Topic: Biochemistry: Hemoglobin and Oxygen
Correct Answer: B) HHb
- Hemoglobin, denoted as Hb, is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
- In the presence of hydrogen ions (H) and oxygen (O2), Hb4HO2 undergoes a chemical reaction.
- The resulting compound of this reaction is HHb, also known as haemoglobin acid.
- Hence, the correct answer is B, "HHb".
Question 17:
What condition results in a blue tinge to the skin?
Topic: Human Physiology: Oxygen Deficiency
Correct Answer: B) Lack of O2
- The term 'cyanosis' denotes a blue discoloration of the skin.
- This condition arises due to the skin and tissues near the surface having low oxygen supply.
- Hence, the blue tinge or cyanosis is caused by a lack of oxygen or O2.
- This means that the correct answer is B, "Lack of O2".
Question 18:
Which respiratory pigment turns pink when oxygenated?
Topic: Biochemistry: Respiratory Pigments and Color Change upon Oxygenation
Correct Answer: B) Hemerythrin
- Various respiratory pigments in different organisms change color upon being oxygenated.
- Hemerythrin, one such pigment, turns pink when it binds with oxygen.
- So, the respiratory pigment that turns pink when oxygenated is Hemerythrin.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Hemerythrin".
Question 19:
What percentage of total lung volume does the human left lung, comprising two lobes, represent?
Topic: Human Anatomy: Structure of the Lungs
Correct Answer: C) 44%
- The human respiratory system includes two lungs, each composed of a different number of lobes.
- The left lung, having two lobes, represents a certain percentage of the overall lung volume.
- It contributes to 44% of the total lung volume.
- Hence, the correct answer is C, "44%".
Question 20:
What is the color of hemocyanin when it is oxygenated?
Topic: Biochemistry: Hemocyanin and Color Change upon Oxygenation
Correct Answer: B) Blue
- Hemocyanin is a respiratory pigment found in certain species.
- When oxygenated, it undergoes a color change.
- The color of oxygenated hemocyanin is blue.
- Thus, the correct answer is B, "Blue".
Question 21:
What compound forms when carbon dioxide in blood interacts with water?
Topic: Human Physiology: Blood Gases and pH
Correct Answer: C) Carbonic acid
- In the blood, carbon dioxide can diffuse and interact with water.
- This interaction results in the formation of a particular compound.
- The compound formed is carbonic acid (H2CO3).
- Hence, the correct answer is C, "Carbonic acid".
Question 22:
What is the relationship between PO2 and the oxygen-carrying capacity of Hemoglobin (Hb)?
Topic: Biochemistry: Hemoglobin and Oxygen
Correct Answer: A) Directly proportional
- PO2 or partial pressure of oxygen is an important determinant in the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin.
- As the PO2 increases, the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin also increases, indicating a direct proportionality.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Directly proportional".
Question 23:
Which part of the human body does the phrenic nerve connect with?
Topic: Human Anatomy: Nervous System and Breathing Mechanism
Correct Answer: C) Diaphragm
- The phrenic nerve plays a vital role in the human body, connecting the brain to different parts.
- It specifically communicates with a part that is integral to the process of respiration.
- This particular part is the diaphragm.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Diaphragm".
Question 24:
What alternative name is Hamburger's phenomenon known by?
Topic: Human Physiology: Ion Shifts in the Blood
Correct Answer: C) Chloride shift
- Hamburger's phenomenon is a unique biological process also known by a different name.
- This name refers to the movement of a specific ion in the bloodstream.
- The ion involved is chloride, leading to the name "Chloride shift".
- Hence, the correct answer is C, "Chloride shift".
Question 25:
What ion is necessary for carbonic anhydrase activity?
Topic: Biochemistry: Enzyme Activity and Ion Requirement
Correct Answer: B) Zn++
- Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme, requires a particular ion for proper functioning.
- This ion is essential in the coordination of the enzyme's active site.
- The ion necessary here is Zn++, or Zinc.
- Thus, the right answer is B, "Zn++".
Question 26:
What does carbonic acid, H2CO3, dissociate to form?
Topic: Biochemistry: Acid-Base Chemistry
Correct Answer: C) Both Hydrogen ions and Bicarbonate ions
- Carbonic acid is an unstable compound that tends to dissociate.
- Upon dissociation, it forms specific ions.
- The ions formed are hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).
- Thus, the correct answer is C, "Both Hydrogen ions and Bicarbonate ions".
Question 27:
What constitutes the walls of bronchioles?
Topic: Human Anatomy: Respiratory System
Correct Answer: A) Ciliated cuboidal epithelium
- Bronchioles are part of the respiratory system with specific structural features.
- The walls of bronchioles are made up of a particular type of epithelium.
- This epithelium is the ciliated cuboidal epithelium.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Ciliated cuboidal epithelium".
Question 28:
What allows alveoli to expand and relax easily during breathing?
Topic: Human Physiology: Respiratory System
Correct Answer: C) Both Elastic fibers and Collagen
- Alveoli are small sacs in the lungs that play a crucial role in gaseous exchange.
- They have a unique capability to expand and relax easily during breathing due to the presence of certain structural components.
- These components are elastic fibers and collagen.
- Hence, the correct answer is C, "Both Elastic fibers and Collagen".
Question 30:
What proportion of carbon dioxide is carried as carboxyhemoglobin?
Topic: Human Physiology: Respiratory System and Gas Transportation
Correct Answer: A) 23%
- Carbon dioxide is removed from the body via the respiratory system and is carried in several forms.
- One of these forms is carboxyhemoglobin.
- The percentage of carbon dioxide carried as carboxyhemoglobin is 23%.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A, "23%".