Form and Functions in Plants Test 1

Short Hint: Active traps in plants refer to mechanisms where the plant itself moves to capture and digest insects. The options provided are examples of various plant species. Among these, Pinguicula belongs to the category of active traps plants, also known as "fly paper" or "adhesive traps". Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Pinguicula".

Detailed Hint: Carnivorous plants have developed unique mechanisms to supplement their nutrient intake by trapping and digesting prey, typically insects. The options provided are various substances found in various types of organisms. The traps of carnivorous plants are known for containing Digestive Enzymes that enable the plant to break down its prey and absorb nutrients, especially nitrogen. Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Digestive Enzymes".

Detailed Hint: Some plants have developed special adaptations to cope with their environment, including the production of a sticky layer of mucilage on their leaves. This feature is especially seen in Pinguicula, also known as butterworts, among the options given. Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Pinguicula".

Detailed Hint: The options provided are different possible directions of water movement within a plant. According to the pressure flow hypothesis, sucrose produced during photosynthesis is loaded into the phloem, creating a hypertonic condition. This causes water in the adjacent xylem to move into the phloem by osmosis. Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Phloem to xylem".

Detailed Hint: Carnivorous plants have a unique survival strategy, which includes the trapping and digestion of small animals. They use the products of this digestion, particularly Nitrites, to supplement their nutritional needs. This is because they often grow in habitats deficient in nitrate nitrogen, hence the need to supplement from their prey. So, the correct answer is B, "Nitrites".

Detailed Hint: Plants employ a variety of trapping mechanisms, one of which is the passive trap. Passive traps do not move to capture prey; instead, they are designed in such a way that prey simply falls into them. The pitcher plants, including Darlingtonia and Sarracenia, exemplify this trapping mechanism. Hence, the correct answer is D, "Both A and B".

Detailed Hint: In plants, the translocation of organic solutes occurs through certain specialized structures. Sieve tubes, elongated living cells connected end-to-end with perforated end walls, are primarily responsible for this function. The pores in these sieve plates enable the free movement of solutes, aiding translocation. Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Sieve tube".

Detailed Hint:

• Different plant species have evolved varied trapping mechanisms to catch their prey.
• Active traps are those that move to ensnare their victims.
• Examples of active trap plant species include the Sundew (Drosera) and the Butterwort (Pinguicula).
• However, in the provided options, only the Sundew represents an active trapper.
• Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Sundew".

Detailed Hint:

• The design of passive traps contributes to the victim's inability to escape.
• The interior walls of these traps are often slick, making it difficult for the prey to gain a foothold and climb out.
• Among the options provided, only the slippery walls are a characteristic of passive traps.
• Hence, the correct answer is A, "The walls of the trap are slippery".

Detailed Hint:

• Some plant species have leaves covered in gland-tipped hairs that secrete a sticky substance.
• This unique adaptation assists the plants in capturing their prey.
• The Drosera genus, also known as sundews, is renowned for this characteristic.
• Consequently, the correct answer is A, "Drosera".

Detailed Hint:

• Water potential is a measure of the potential energy in water.
• Pure water, by definition, has the highest water potential.
• This is because there are no solutes present to lower the water potential.
• Thus, the correct answer is A, "Maximum".

Detailed Hint:

• Osmotic pressure in plant cells tends to fluctuate with various factors, including time of day.
• In the case of guard cells, which control the opening and closing of a plant's stomata, their osmotic pressure typically increases during the day.
• This pressure change is linked to their function in facilitating transpiration.
• Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Day".

Detailed Hint:

• Different plants exhibit different types of movements in response to specific stimuli.
• The Drosera, or sundew, is known to exhibit chemotropism, a movement induced by a chemical stimulus.
• This movement may be towards the stimulus (positive chemotropism) or away from it (negative chemotropism).
• In the case of the Drosera, it shows a positive chemotropism.
• Hence, the correct answer is C, "Chemotropism".

Detailed Hint:

• Xylem is a type of plant tissue responsible for the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant.
• It is principally composed of two types of cells: tracheids and vessel elements.
• Tracheids and vessel elements are both specialized for conduction and provide structural support to the plant.
• Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Tracheids and vessel elements".

Detailed Hint:

• The pitch of a person's voice is related to the size of their vocal cords.
• Adult males usually have larger vocal cords.
• As a result, they typically have lower-pitched voices.
• Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Low".