nervous coordination test 1

In the process of nerve conduction, depolarization is a crucial phase where the inside of the neuron turns positive due to the influx of positively charged ions.

Sodium ions (Na+) flowing into the neuron primarily drive this process, making their influx essential for depolarization.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Na+ influx".

The synaptic cleft gap is a small space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are exchanged.

In chemical synapses, which make up the majority of synapses, the synaptic cleft gap has a size more than 20nm.

Hence, the correct answer is A, "20nm".

The nervous and endocrine systems are key players in the body's integration, controlling and coordinating bodily functions.

Both these systems contribute to homeostasis and the overall functioning of the body.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Both endocrine and nervous system".

The self-governing nervous system, which operates independently of voluntary control, is known as the autonomic nervous system.

This system regulates functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and salivation.

Thus, the correct answer is C, "Autonomic nervous system".

The reflex arc represents the pathway followed by the nerve impulses during a reflex action.

It begins at the sense organ, proceeds to the sensory neuron, then to the spinal cord, followed by the motor neuron, and finally leads to the muscle.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "2 → 4 → 1 → 3 → 5".

A neuron is an individual specialized cell, while a nerve represents a bundle of neurons.

Each plays a distinct but interconnected role in transmitting information throughout the body.

Thus, the correct answer is C, "They consist of a different number of cells".

Effectors are the structures that respond when stimulated by an impulse coming via a motor neuron.

These principal effectors include glands that respond by secreting and muscles that respond by contracting.

Consequently, the correct answer is D, "Effectors".

Neurology pertains to the comprehensive study of the nervous system, including its structure, functions, and any disorders that might affect it.

The other choices are subjects of their own domains: Hematology studies blood and its disorders; Neurogenesis is the process of nerve cell development from stem cells; Neuroglia refers to the specialized cells that support and assist neurons.

Hence, the correct answer is D, "Neurology".

The Hypothalamus is a crucial component of the brain that plays a vital role in both the nervous and endocrine systems.

It regulates several physiological functions such as emotional responses, body temperature, water balance, and appetite. Additionally, it controls the pituitary gland's secretions through the release of regulatory hormones.

Thus, the right answer is D, "Hypothalamus".

The resting membrane potential, also known as the polarized state, is characterized by a negative internal environment and a positive external environment of the neuron.

It is the state in which the membrane potential is not being stimulated or conducting impulses, typically expressed as -70mV.

Thus, the correct response is A, "Resting membrane potential".

The Corpus Callosum is a wide and dense network of nerve fibers that serves as a connection between the two hemispheres of the brain.

This structure facilitates communication between the left and right hemispheres, thereby enabling integrated cognitive, motor, and sensory functions.

Consequently, the appropriate response is B, "Corpus Callosum".

The Frontal Lobe is the largest of the four major lobes of the brain and is located at the front. It is essential for higher cognitive processes like problem-solving, memory, language, and emotional expression.

It is also the most likely area of the brain to be damaged in brain injuries.

Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Frontal lobe".

Sensory neurons, which have dendrites at both ends and a long axon with a cell body in the middle, relay signals from the body's periphery to the central nervous system.

When a scent is detected, the sensory information is initially received by the dendrite of the sensory neuron.

Consequently, the right answer is B, "Dendrite of sensory neuron".

The resting membrane potential is characterized by a more negative internal environment and a more positive external environment.

This is due to the distribution of ions like sodium and potassium and their respective membrane pumps.

Therefore, the correct response is A, "The neuron's outer surface is predominantly positive".

The spinal cord's ventral root is primarily composed of the axons of motor neurons.

These neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands, enabling movement and the release of hormones.

As a result, the accurate answer is D, "Axons of motor neurons".

The most substantial concentration of neuron cell bodies in our body is located in the brain.

This organ is the primary control center for the majority of body functions and cognitive processes.

Therefore, the appropriate response is A, "Brain".

Nissl's granules, which serve as the site for protein synthesis, are mainly found in the soma (cell body) of neurons.

They are large granular bodies that consist of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Somatic region".

The synapse is the region where communication or interaction between two neurons primarily occurs.

It serves as the meeting point or junction between neurons, enabling the transmission of signals.

As such, the accurate response is A, "Synaptic junction".

The brain stem is primarily composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla.

The pons and medulla together constitute the hindbrain.

Therefore, the correct response is B, "Midbrain and hindbrain".

The cerebellum processes information it receives from the sensory systems.

It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and coordination.

Therefore, the correct response is B, "Maintaining balance and coordination".

The nervous system is derived from the ectoderm, the outermost of the three primitive germ layers of an embryo.

The ectoderm gives rise to tissues that form the nervous system, external sense organs, and skin appendages.

As such, the correct answer is A, "Ectoderm".

The speed at which neurons transmit information is influenced by their physical characteristics and type of insulation.

Myelinated neurons transmit impulses faster than non-myelinated ones due to a mechanism called saltatory conduction, and larger, thicker axons also transmit information more rapidly.

Therefore, the right answer is B, "Myelinated, larger, thicker".

Neurons communicate with each other at specific locations.

This point of interaction between two neurons is known as a synapse.

Hence, the correct response is A, "Synapse".

The speed at which neurons transmit information is influenced by their physical characteristics and type of insulation.

Myelinated neurons transmit impulses faster than non-myelinated ones due to a mechanism called saltatory conduction, and larger, thicker axons also transmit information more rapidly.

Therefore, the right answer is B, "Myelinated, larger, thicker".

Neurons communicate with each other at specific locations.

This point of interaction between two neurons is known as a synapse.

Hence, the correct response is A, "Synapse".

Neurons can be classified based on the direction in which they carry impulses.

Efferent neurons, also known as motor neurons, transport impulses from the CNS to the effectors.

Thus, the correct answer is A, "Efferent neuron".

Neurons perform a variety of roles in the nervous system.

They can act as detectors (sensory neurons), integrators, and effectors, depending on their function.

Hence, the correct answer is D, "All of the above".

Different structures in the brain have specialized functions.

The medulla oblongata regulates several vital functions, including respiration and heart rate, but it does not control body balance.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Maintaining body balance".

The nervous system consists of several components, each with specific functions.

Neurons are the fundamental units, transmitting information throughout the system.

Consequently, the correct response is A, "Neuron".

The neuron's structure is designed to optimize its ability to transmit nerve impulses.

Dendrites, cytoplasmic extensions, carry information towards the cell body and increase its surface area.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Dendrites".

The transmission of a nerve impulse follows a specific path within a neuron.

The impulse starts at the dendrites, moves to the cell body (cyton), travels down the axon, and ends at the nerve endings.

As such, the correct order is D, "Dendrites → cell body → axon → nerve endings".

The brain is a complex structure divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, each with distinct components.

The thalamus and the cerebrum are both part of the forebrain.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Forebrain".