Solids test 1

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Question 1:

Which of the following solids has the lowest melting point?





Topic: Characteristics of Solids

Correct Answer: B) Iodine (I2)

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about the melting points of different types of solids.
  • Molecular solids, like Iodine (I2), typically have lower melting points due to weak intermolecular forces.
  • Therefore, Iodine (I2) has the lowest melting point among the options provided.
  • Correct answer: B, Iodine (I2).

Question 2:

What is the lattice energy of Sodium Chloride (NaCl)?





Topic: Lattice energy in Ionic Compounds

Correct Answer: C) 787 kJ/mol

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about the lattice energy of Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
  • Lattice energy is the energy required to break one mole of a crystal into its constituent ions.
  • Among the options, the lattice energy of NaCl is 787 kJ/mol.
  • It's important to remember the lattice energies of common ionic compounds for reference.
  • Correct answer: C, 787 kJ/mol.

Question 3:

Which substances are typically good conductors of electricity, both in solid and liquid states?





Topic: Conductivity in Different States of Matter

Correct Answer: B) Metallic substances

Detailed Hint:
  • Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct electricity.
  • Metallic substances are typically good conductors of electricity and heat, in both solid and liquid states.
  • Metallic solids have unique properties like malleability, ductility, and high melting points, in addition to their conductivity.
  • Correct answer: B, Metallic substances.

Question 4:

The given figure represents the crystalline structure of which type of solids?





Topic: Types of Solids and their Structures

Correct Answer: C) Metallic solids

Detailed Hint:
  • The question asks about the crystalline structure represented in the given figure.
  • Metallic solids exhibit a closely packed arrangement of atoms in a specific pattern, as shown in the figure.
  • This closely packed arrangement is a characteristic feature of metallic solids.
  • Correct answer: C, Metallic solids.

Question 5:

Into how many types can solids be divided based on the regular arrangements of their constituents?





Topic: Classification of Solids

Correct Answer: A) 2

Detailed Hint:
  • The question asks about the number of types into which solids can be categorized based on their regular arrangements.
  • Solids are typically divided into two major types: Crystalline solids and Amorphous solids.
  • Crystalline solids have an ordered and repeating pattern, while Amorphous solids do not.
  • Correct answer: A, 2.

Question 6:

Which statement is false in relation to molecular solids?





Topic: Properties of Molecular Solids

Correct Answer: C) Atoms are linked by a metallic bond.

Detailed Hint:
  • The question asks to identify the false statement about molecular solids.
  • Molecular solids are typically poor conductors of electricity and are relatively soft.
  • However, atoms in molecular solids are not linked by metallic bonds.
  • Molecular solids are held together by forces like van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding.
  • Correct answer: C, Atoms are linked by a metallic bond (which is false).

Question 7:

In a Sodium Chloride (NaCl) crystal, what is the coordination number of Na+?





Topic: Coordination Number in Ionic Crystals

Correct Answer: A) 6

Detailed Hint:
  • The question asks for the coordination number of Na+ in a NaCl crystal.
  • The coordination number is the number of anions (Cl-) surrounding each cation (Na+).
  • In the case of NaCl, there are six Cl- ions surrounding each Na+ ion.
  • Coordination numbers in ionic crystals depend on the stoichiometry and atom sizes.
  • Correct answer: A, 6.

Question 8:

Which of the following is an example of a three-dimensional giant structure?





Topic: Three-Dimensional Giant Structures

Correct Answer: B) Diamond

Detailed Hint:
  • This question calls for an understanding of the characteristics of three-dimensional giant structures.
  • These structures are extensive networks of atoms or ions that extend in three dimensions, often resulting in hard, high melting point substances.
  • Among the given choices, the diamond is categorized as a covalent network solid, which is a prime example of a three-dimensional giant structure.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "Diamond".

Question 9:

What kind of crystal is ice?





Topic: Classification of Crystals

Correct Answer: B) Molecular

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is asking to identify the type of crystal ice is.
  • Ice is a form of solid water, a compound made up of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) in a 2:1 ratio.
  • Given this, ice falls under molecular solids which are characterized by a distinct repeating pattern of molecules.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Molecular".

Question 10:

What is the classification of Solid CO2?





Topic: Classification of Solids

Correct Answer: B) Molecular solid

Detailed Hint:
  • This question asks to classify Solid CO2 or also known as dry ice.
  • Solid CO2 is composed of molecules made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
  • Since it is a solid form of a compound made up of different atoms, Solid CO2 is classified as a molecular solid.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is B, "Molecular solid".

Question 11:

What type of structure is exhibited by amorphous solids?





Topic: Structure of Amorphous Solids

Correct Answer: C) Irregular

Detailed Hint:
  • This question asks us to understand the inherent structure of amorphous solids.
  • Amorphous solids, unlike crystalline solids, do not have a particular arrangement, they have an irregular structure.
  • The molecules in amorphous solids are arranged in a non-regular pattern, which is distinctive from other types of solids.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Irregular".

Question 12:

Which of the following processes is not associated with evaporation?





Topic: Nature of Evaporation Process

Correct Answer: B) Exothermic

Detailed Hint:
  • The question requires us to identify a process that does not describe evaporation.
  • Evaporation is an endothermic, spontaneous process that results in cooling, not an exothermic process.
  • An exothermic process releases heat, while evaporation absorbs heat, which is contradictory.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "Exothermic".

Question 13:

Which of the following is not considered an amorphous material?





Topic: Classification of Amorphous Materials

Correct Answer: C) Lead

Detailed Hint:
  • This question requires the knowledge about which materials are classified as amorphous.
  • Amorphous materials, such as glass, plastics, and rubbers, have an irregular structure at the molecular level.
  • Lead, on the other hand, has a crystalline structure and is not considered an amorphous material.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C, "Lead".

Question 14:

What is the term for the property that causes crystals to exhibit different physical properties depending on the direction?





Topic: Physical Properties of Crystals

Correct Answer: C) Anisotropy

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is asking about the property of crystals that leads to varying physical properties based on direction.
  • This property is known as anisotropy, which means that certain properties such as hardness or conductivity change depending on the direction.
  • This is different from isotropy, where the properties remain consistent regardless of direction.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Anisotropy".

Question 15:

Which compound is known to have the highest lattice energy?





Topic: Lattice Energy of Compounds

Correct Answer: A) MgO

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is inquiring about the compound with the maximum lattice energy.
  • Lattice energy is directly proportional to the charge and inversely proportional to the size of the ions. MgO has a higher charge and smaller size compared to the other options.
  • Therefore, MgO would have the maximum lattice energy.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "MgO".

Question 16:

Which solids are referred to as true solids?





Topic: Classification of True Solids

Correct Answer: C) Crystalline

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about a specific type of solid, referred to as "true solids".
  • True solids are crystalline solids that have a regular arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules, and display certain properties such as a sharp melting point, definite heat of fusion, anisotropy, and specific types of bonding.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Crystalline".

Question 17:

What is the dimensional arrangement of a crystal lattice?





Topic: Structure of Crystal Lattice

Correct Answer: C) Three-dimensional

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is asking for the dimensional structure of a crystal lattice.
  • A crystal lattice is characterized by a regular, geometric arrangement of points in space.
  • This space or crystal lattice is a three-dimensional network of imaginary lines connecting the atoms.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "Three-dimensional".

Question 18:

Which category of solids exhibits malleability and ductility?





Topic: Properties of Solids

Correct Answer: C) Metallic solids

Detailed Hint:
  • The question aims to identify the type of solids that possess malleability and ductility.
  • Metallic solids are known for being lustrous, malleable, and ductile. They are also excellent conductors of heat and electricity.
  • Examples of such solids include copper and iron.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Metallic solids".

Question 19:

What kind of intermolecular forces are present in molecular solids?





Topic: Intermolecular Forces in Molecular Solids

Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Detailed Hint:
  • The question targets understanding the type of intermolecular forces seen in molecular solids.
  • Molecular solids can have different types of intermolecular forces, including dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and London forces.
  • This diversity in intermolecular forces leads to a wide range of properties in molecular solids.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is D, "All of the above".

Question 20:

Which statement accurately describes covalent crystals compared to molecular crystals?





Topic: Characteristics of Covalent Crystals

Correct Answer: A) Covalent crystals have higher melting points than molecular crystals.

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is asking about the distinguishing traits of covalent crystals as compared to molecular crystals.
  • It's important to note that covalent crystals exhibit higher melting points and are harder than molecular crystals due to their strong covalent bonds.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "Covalent crystals have higher melting points than molecular crystals".

Question 21:

What characteristics are associated with amorphous substances?





Topic: Properties of Amorphous Substances

Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Detailed Hint:
  • This question revolves around the properties of amorphous substances.
  • Amorphous substances are known for their lack of a definite shape, heat of fusion, and precise melting points, thus making them unique.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "All of the above".

Question 22:

How many categories can crystalline solids be divided into based on the type of bonds?





Topic: Classification of Crystalline Solids

Correct Answer: B) 4

Detailed Hint:
  • The focus of the question is the number of categories crystalline solids can be divided into based on the nature of their bonding.
  • There are four main types of bonds in crystalline solids: Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, and Molecular.
  • As such, the correct answer is B, "4".

Question 23:

Which statement accurately describes the properties of ionic solids?





Topic: Properties of Ionic Solids

Correct Answer: C) They are brittle.

Detailed Hint:
  • The question pertains to the distinctive characteristics of ionic solids.
  • Ionic solids are known to be hard and brittle, with high melting points and poor electrical conductivity due to the lack of mobile electrons.
  • They also have strong intramolecular forces and cannot exist as a single crystal.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is C, "They are brittle".

Question 24:

Arrange the following in their correct lattice energy order: NaCl, NaF, KCl, RbCl





Topic: Lattice Energy Order

Correct Answer: C) RbCl < KCl < NaCl < NaF

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about the correct order of lattice energy among the listed substances.
  • Lattice energy is directly proportional to charge on ion and inversely proportional to the size of an ion.
  • Due to the smaller size of F- compared to Cl-, NaF has greater lattice energy than NaCl.
  • On the other hand, as Na+ is smaller than K+ ion, NaCl has greater lattice energy than KCl and RbCl.
  • Hence, the correct lattice energy order is NaF > NaCl > KCl > RbCl, which corresponds to answer C.

Question 25:

What term is used to describe the smallest portion of a lattice?





Topic: Lattice Structure

Correct Answer: D) Unit cell

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about the appropriate term used for the smallest portion of a lattice.
  • In crystal space, a lattice is defined as the regular geometrical arrangement of points.
  • The smallest portion of this arrangement, which when repeated in all directions, forms the lattice structure is called the unit cell.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Unit cell".

Question 26:

Which statement about lattice energy is accurate?





Topic: Understanding of Lattice Energy

Correct Answer: D) All of the statements above are correct.

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about the characteristics and factors that influence lattice energy.
  • Lattice energy is the energy liberated when oppositely charged ions in the gaseous state combine to form a crystalline solid.
  • It is influenced by the charge and size of the cation, with smaller, highly charged ions having higher lattice energy.
  • Considering these points, all the statements A, B, and C are correct. Thus, the right answer is D.

Question 27:

Where can we find crystallites?





Topic: Presence of Crystallites

Correct Answer: B) In amorphous solids

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about where crystallites, microscopic bodies, are found.
  • Crystallites are seen in amorphous solids like glassy igneous rocks such as obsidian and pitchstone.
  • They’re considered nascent crystals, often lacking a recognizable crystalline form, and are too small to polarize light.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "In amorphous solids".

Question 28:

What type of solid would Silicon Oxide (SiO2) be classified as?





Topic: Classification of Solids

Correct Answer: B) Covalent

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about the classification of Silicon Oxide (SiO2) among different types of solids.
  • Silicon Oxide (SiO2), along with substances like diamond and graphite, falls into the category of covalent crystals, formed by a network of covalent bonds.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "Covalent".

Question 29:

Which type of solid is typically the hardest?





Topic: Hardness of Solids

Correct Answer: D) Covalent solids

Detailed Hint:
  • This question aims to determine your understanding of the hardness properties of different types of solids.
  • Among the listed options, covalent solids are known to be the hardest. This is because covalent solids, like diamond and graphite, require a substantial amount of energy to break due to their network of strong covalent bonds.
  • Therefore, the correct response is D, "Covalent solids".

Question 30:

How can we distinguish crystalline solids?





Topic: Identifying Characteristics of Crystalline Solids

Correct Answer: A) By their sharp melting point

Detailed Hint:
  • The question is about the specific characteristics that help to identify crystalline solids.
  • Crystalline solids have a distinct structure where all components (atoms, ions, or molecules) are equidistant from one another. This arrangement results in a sharp melting point, a key identifying feature of crystalline solids.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "By their sharp melting point".
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