S and P Test 3

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Question 1:

How many elements belong to the "p" block in the second period of the periodic table?





Topic: Element Distribution in Periodic Table

Correct Answer: C) 6

Detailed Hint:
  • The periodic table is structured such that it reflects the electron configuration of different elements.
  • In the second period of the periodic table, we have a combination of 2s and 2p sublevels being populated by electrons.
  • The "s" sublevel can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, while the "p" sublevel can accommodate up to 6 electrons.
  • Therefore, in the second period, there are 2 elements in the "s" block and 6 elements in the "p" block, making "C. 6" the correct choice.

Question 2:

Which property demonstrates an increase up to the IV-A group and then a decrease thereafter?





Topic: Trends in the Periodic Table

Correct Answer: C) Melting and boiling points

Detailed Hint:
  • The Periodic Table is organized in such a way that it showcases trends in various properties of elements.
  • Melting and boiling points of elements generally increase as we move across a period up to Group IV-A due to the growth in the number of bonding electrons.
  • Beyond Group IV-A, however, the melting and boiling points begin to decrease.
  • Thus, "C. Melting and boiling points" is the correct answer.

Question 3:

What distinguishes lithium (Li) from other elements in its group?





Topic: Unique Characteristics of Elements

Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Detailed Hint:
  • Even within the same group, elements can display unique characteristics that set them apart from their group members.
  • Lithium (Li) is one such example, differentiated by its small size, high charge density of its cation, and decreased electropositivity.
  • Therefore, the choice "D. All of the above" is correct as it includes all of these distinguishing characteristics.

Question 4:

What is the term for a measure of an atom's relative tendency to attract a bonding pair of electrons towards itself?





Topic: Atomic Properties

Correct Answer: A) Electronegativity

Detailed Hint:
  • Different atomic properties govern how atoms interact with each other in chemical reactions.
  • Electronegativity refers to an atom's relative ability to attract a pair of bonding electrons towards itself.
  • Hence, "A. Electronegativity" is the correct choice.

Question 5:

Why is sodium not observed in the +2 oxidation state?





Topic: Ionization Potentials

Correct Answer: B) Very high second ionization potential

Detailed Hint:
  • Sodium (Na) typically exhibits a +1 oxidation state due to the loss of a single electron from its outer shell.
  • The energy required to remove this first electron is known as the first ionization potential.
  • However, the energy required to remove a second electron, the second ionization potential, is significantly higher.
  • As a result, it is energetically unfavorable for sodium to lose a second electron and exhibit a +2 oxidation state.
  • Hence, "B. Very high second ionization potential" is the correct choice.

Question 6:

In which of the following environments would magnesium metal not burn?





Topic: Reactivity of Metals

Correct Answer: D) Ne

Detailed Hint:
  • Magnesium is a highly reactive metal that readily burns in the presence of many gases.
  • Nitrogen (N2) and Oxygen (O2) are both reactive gases that can support the combustion of magnesium.
  • However, Neon (Ne) is a noble gas, known for their stability and lack of reactivity.
  • Thus, in an environment of neon, magnesium would not burn. Therefore, "D. Ne" is the correct choice.

Question 7:

What is the most important commercial source of lithium?





Topic: Element Extraction

Correct Answer: A) Spodumene

Detailed Hint:
  • Lithium, a valuable element in many industries, can be extracted from various sources.
  • Spodumene (LiAl(SiO3)2), a lithium aluminium silicate, is one of the most significant sources of lithium.
  • This is due to its high lithium content and relative abundance.
  • Thus, "A. Spodumene" is the correct answer as it is the most important commercial source of lithium.

Question 8:

Which set of ions forms a group of isoelectronic species?





Topic: Isoelectronic Species

Correct Answer: D) K+1, Ca+2, Cl-1

Detailed Hints:
  • Isoelectronic species are atoms, ions, or molecules that have the same number of electrons.
  • Among the options provided, K+1, Ca+2, and Cl-1 all have the same electron count, thus forming a group of isoelectronic species.
  • Hence, "D. K+1, Ca+2, Cl-1" is the correct choice.

Question 9:

Which factors influence ionization energy?





Topic: Ionization Energy

Correct Answer: C) All of the above

Detailed Hints:
  • Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.
  • Both the nuclear charge and the atomic size significantly influence ionization energy.
  • A higher nuclear charge increases ionization energy because of the greater pull on electrons, while a larger atomic size tends to decrease ionization energy due to the increased distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.
  • Thus, "C. All of the above" is the correct answer.

Question 10:

What is the electronic configuration of Cesium (Cs)?





Topic: Electronic Configuration

Correct Answer: A) [Xe] 6s1

Detailed Hint:
  • The electronic configuration of an element describes the distribution of electrons in its atomic orbitals.
  • Cesium (Cs) has 55 electrons. Following the Aufbau principle, the electrons fill the orbitals from the lowest to the highest energy, leading to the configuration [Xe] 6s1.
  • Therefore, "A. [Xe] 6s1" is the correct answer.

Question 11:

Which metal has the highest electrical conductance?





Topic: Electrical Conductivity of Metals

Correct Answer: B) Aluminium (Al)

Detailed Hint:
  • Electrical conductance is the measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current.
  • Among the options given, Sodium (Na), Aluminium (Al), and Magnesium (Mg) are all metals, which are known for their high electrical conductance.
  • However, it is important to note that electrical conductance increases across the periodic table from Group IA to Group IIIA.
  • Therefore, "B. Aluminium (Al)" is the correct answer as it shows the highest electrical conductance among the choices.

Question 12:

Which of the following electronic configurations pertains to an element from Group IIIA of the Periodic Table?





Topic: Electronic Configuration

Correct Answer: B) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p1

Detailed Hint:
  • The electronic configuration of an element is a notation that represents the distribution of electrons in its atomic orbitals.
  • Elements in Group IIIA of the periodic table have their outermost p orbital partially filled with one electron.
  • Of the given options, only "B. 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p1" corresponds to this criterion.
  • Therefore, the correct answer to this multiple-choice question is "B. 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p1".

Question 13:

The best reducing agents are found in which group of the Periodic Table?





Topic: Reducing Agents

Correct Answer: D) IA

Detailed Hint:
  • Reducing agents are substances that lose electrons in a chemical reaction, thereby causing the reduction of another substance.
  • Among the options, Group IA elements, also known as alkali metals, are strong reducing agents because they readily lose their outermost electron due to their low ionization potentials.
  • As we move down Group IA, the ionization potential decreases, making the elements even better reducing agents.
  • Thus, "D. IA" is the correct answer, as alkali metals in Group IA are the best reducing agents.

Question 14:

How does Magnesium (Mg) react with steam?





Topic: Reaction of Metals with Steam

Correct Answer: A) Mg(s) + H2O(g) ⟶ MgO(s) + H2(g)

Detailed Hints:
  • Metals react with steam to form a metal oxide and hydrogen gas.
  • Magnesium (Mg) is a metal that reacts with steam to form Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Hydrogen gas (H2).
  • The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is "Mg(s) + H2O(g) ⟶ MgO(s) + H2(g)".
  • Therefore, "A. Mg(s) + H2O(g) ⟶ MgO(s) + H2(g)" is the correct answer.

Question 15:

Which is the most electropositive element on the periodic table?





Topic: Electropositivity

Correct Answer: B) Cesium (Cs)

Detailed Hint:
  • Electropositivity is the tendency of an atom to donate electrons.
  • Cesium (Cs), belonging to the first group and sixth period in the periodic table, is the most electropositive element. It can easily donate its one valence electron to attain noble gas configuration.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "B. Cesium (Cs)".

Question 16:

An element with a low ionization energy and low electron affinity is likely to belong to which group?





Topic: Periodic Table Groups

Correct Answer: A) Group IA

Detailed Hint:
  • Ionization energy and electron affinity are both related to how easily an atom can lose or gain electrons, respectively.
  • These properties increase from left to right across a period in the periodic table, so elements in Group IA have the lowest values.
  • Therefore, an element with low ionization energy and electron affinity is likely to be in "A. Group IA".

Question 17:

What is the nature of Caustic Soda?





Topic: Properties of Substances

Correct Answer: B) Deliquescent

Detailed Hint:
  • Caustic Soda, also known as Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), is a type of substance that absorbs moisture from the air.
  • This property of absorbing moisture and dissolving in it is known as deliquescence.
  • While Group IIA hydroxides are generally hygroscopic, meaning they absorb moisture from the air, Sodium Hydroxide is specifically deliquescent due to its high reactivity with water.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "B. Deliquescent".

Question 18:

Which element reacts vigorously with water?





Topic: Reactivity of Elements

Correct Answer: A) Sodium (Na)

Detailed Hint:
  • The reactivity of an element with water is determined by how readily its atoms donate electrons.
  • Among the options given, Sodium (Na), an alkali metal, is known for its high reactivity with water. This is due to its propensity to lose its solitary valence electron, resulting in a vigorous reaction.
  • As a result, the correct answer is "A. Sodium (Na)".

Question 19:

Lithium, a Group IA metal, uniquely combines with which elements to form distinct compounds?





Topic: Chemical Reactions

Correct Answer: C) Lithium nitride and lithium carbide

Detailed Hint:
  • Lithium, a group IA metal, has unique reactivity among alkali metals.
  • Specifically, it can combine with nitrogen to form Lithium Nitride (Li3N) and with carbon to form Lithium Carbide (Li4C).
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "C. Lithium nitride and lithium carbide".

Question 20:

Among the following options, which has the highest hydration energy?





Topic: Hydration Energy

Correct Answer: B) Ca++

Detailed Hint:
  • Hydration energy is directly proportional to the charge and inversely proportional to the size of the ion.
  • Calcium ion (Ca++) has double the charge of the other options, and thus has higher hydration energy.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "B. Ca++".

Question 21:

What is the primary use of Milk of Magnesia in medical treatments?





Topic: Medical Uses of Chemical Compounds

Correct Answer: A) Counteracting acidity

Detailed Hint:
  • Milk of Magnesia is a basic compound, and as such, it is often used to neutralize acidity.
  • Its alkaline nature allows it to effectively counteract excess stomach acid, providing relief from conditions like heartburn and indigestion.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "A. Counteracting acidity".

MCQ 22:

Why is the first ionization potential of alkaline earth metals higher than that of alkali metals?





Topic: Ionization Potential

Correct Answer: C) They have smaller atomic sizes

Detailed Hint:
  • Ionization energy is inversely proportional to atomic size. It increases as the atomic size decreases.
  • Alkaline earth metals have smaller atomic sizes compared to alkali metals, leading to higher first ionization potentials.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "C. They have smaller atomic sizes".

MCQ 23:

Which one of these elements has the lowest first ionization energy?





Topic: Ionization Energy

Correct Answer: D) Cesium (Cs)

Detailed Hint:
  • Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. It typically increases as you move up and to the right on the periodic table.
  • Among the options provided, Cesium (Cs) has the lowest ionization energy due to its large atomic size.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "D. Cesium (Cs)".

MCQ 24:

Under which of the following can Sodium metal not be stored?





Topic: Characteristics of Metals

Correct Answer: A) Hexane

Detailed Hint:
  • Sodium is a highly reactive metal, so it needs to be stored in non-polar solvents such as Hexane, Benzene, and Kerosene to prevent unwanted reactions.
  • Ethanol, being a polar solvent, is not suitable for storing Sodium.
  • Hence, the correct answer is "A. Hexane".

MCQ 25:

Identify the correct size order among the following options:





Topic: Atomic and Ionic Radii

Correct Answer: D) Sodium ion (Na+) is smaller than Sodium atom (Na)

Detailed Hint:
  • An atom's size changes when it loses or gains electrons, becoming an ion.
  • Cations, or positively charged ions, are always smaller than their neutral atom counterparts due to the loss of an electron.
  • Anions, or negatively charged ions, are always larger than their neutral atom counterparts because of the gain of an electron.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "D. Sodium ion (Na+) is smaller than Sodium atom (Na)".

MCQ 26:

Which compound listed below is not a pure base?





Topic: Basicity of Oxides

Correct Answer: A) Beryllium Oxide (BeO)

Detailed Hint:
  • Beryllium Oxide (BeO) is different from the other listed oxides as it shows both basic and acidic properties, making it an amphoteric oxide.
  • The other options, MgO, CaO, and BaO, are basic oxides.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "A. Beryllium Oxide (BeO)".

MCQ 27:

Identify the element that is not a member of the alkali metals.





Topic: Classification of Elements

Correct Answer: D) Radium

Detailed Hint:
  • Alkali metals are elements in Group 1 of the periodic table excluding hydrogen.
  • Francium, Cesium, and Rubidium are all alkali metals.
  • Radium, however, is an alkaline earth metal found in Group 2 of the periodic table.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "D. Radium".

MCQ 28:

What is correct about noble gases?





Topic: Characteristics of Noble Gases

Correct Answer: D) All of the above are correct.

Detailed Hint:
  • Noble gases are known for their low reactivity due to their completely filled valence shells.
  • They are located in Group 0 of the periodic table.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "D. All of the above are correct".

MCQ 29:

How would you denote Sodium (Na) using electron configuration notation?





Topic: Electron Configuration

Correct Answer: B) [Ne] 3s1

Detailed Hint:
  • The electron configuration notation is a shorthand way to represent the distribution of electrons in an atom.
  • Sodium (Na), with atomic number 11, has an electron configuration of 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹.
  • This can be represented in shorthand as [Ne] 3s1, where [Ne] stands for the electron configuration of Neon, the preceding noble gas on the periodic table.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "B. [Ne] 3s1".

Question 30:

Which carbonate among the following is the least soluble in Group 1A?





Topic: Solubility Trends in Group 1A

Correct Answer: A) Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3)

Detailed Hint:
  • In Group 1A, also known as the alkali metals, the solubility of carbonates generally increases down the group.
  • This is due to a decrease in lattice energy, which makes it easier for the ions to separate and dissolve in water.
  • Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3) is the least soluble among the given options as it is the lightest alkali metal.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is "A. Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3)".
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