Hydrocarbon Test 2

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MCQs 1:

What would be the final product of the reaction between toluene and Cl2 in the presence of sunlight?





Topic: Organic Chemistry Reactions

Correct Answer: A) Benzotrichloride

In-depth Hint:
  • The reaction between toluene and Cl2 in the presence of sunlight is a classic example of chlorination.
  • In this reaction, chlorine (Cl2) substitutes in the methyl group of the toluene molecule.
  • The end product we get from this reaction is Benzotrichloride.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Benzotrichloride".

MCQs 2:

Which hydrocarbon is considered the most reactive?





Topic: Reactivity of Hydrocarbons

Correct Answer: B) Alkenes

Comprehensive Hint:
  • Reactivity of hydrocarbons is determined by the ease of breaking their bonds during reactions.
  • In Alkenes there is a Carbon-Carbon double bond (C = C), which is weaker as compared to a sigma-bond.
  • Consequently, Alkenes display higher reactivity due to the relative ease of breaking their pi-bonds during reactions.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Alkenes".

MCQs 3:

Which pair of the given options are cis and trans isomers of each other?





Topic: Stereoisomerism in Organic Molecules

Correct Answer: A) 1

Extensive Hint:
  • Cis and Trans are types of stereoisomers, which are molecules that have identical molecular formulas but differ in the spatial orientation of their atoms.
  • In this case, option A represents two molecules with identical atomic compositions, but different spatial orientations, making them cis and trans isomers of each other.
  • Hence, the correct answer is A, "1".

MCQs 4:

Among the given options, which hydrocarbon is the most reactive?





Topic: Reactivity of Hydrocarbons

Correct Answer: C) Alkene

Detailed Hint:
  • The reactivity of hydrocarbons is primarily determined by the types of bonds they contain, with pi-bonds being more readily broken than sigma-bonds.
  • Alkenes have a double bond (C = C), which includes a weaker pi-bond. This makes alkenes particularly reactive.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Alkene".

MCQs 5:

What is the primary reaction type for Alkanes?





Topic: Reactivity of Alkanes

Correct Answer: D) Substitution reactions

Exclusive Hint:
  • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with a single bond (C-C) between carbon atoms.
  • Due to their structure, alkanes are less reactive as compared to other hydrocarbons.
  • Their primary reactivity is characterized by substitution reactions, specifically radical substitution.
  • Hence, the correct answer is D, "Substitution reactions".

MCQs 6:

In the halogenation of alkanes, which halogen is the least reactive?





Topic: Reactivity of Halogens

Correct Answer: B) I2

Comprehensive Hint:
  • Halogenation of an alkane is a reaction in which one or more halide atoms replaces hydrogen atoms on the carbon chain of an alkane molecule.
  • The order of reactivity, from least reactive to most reactive, is I2 < Br2 < Cl2 < F2.
  • Hence, the correct answer is B, "I2".
  • This is because I2 has the weakest bond and therefore requires more energy to break it during reactions. In contrast, F2 has the strongest bond and thus requires less energy to break it in a reaction.
  • Therefore, halogenation with F2 would occur faster compared to I2, making F2 the most reactive of the four given halogens.
  • On the other hand, I2 is the least reactive of the four given halogens and thus would react slower than F2, Br2, or Cl2 during a halogenation reaction.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "I2".

MCQs 7:

What percentage of gasoline can be produced through the fractional distillation of petroleum?





Topic: Fractional Distillation of Petroleum

Correct Answer: C) 20%

Informative Hint:
  • Fractional distillation is a process used in the petroleum industry to separate crude oil into different components based on their boiling points.
  • In this process, gasoline, a crucial component, is typically produced up to 20%.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, '20%'.

Question 8:

The illustrated diagram below represents what type of isomers?

Isomers Diagram



Topic: Types of Isomers

Correct Answer: D) Cis-trans isomers

Comprehensive Hint:
  • Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements.
  • Position isomers, metamers, and tautomers are all different types of isomers.
  • Position isomers have functional groups in differing positions.
  • Metamers have differing lengths of the carbon chain on each side of the functional group.
  • Tautomers are rapidly interconverted constitutional isomers, usually distinguished by different locations of a proton.
  • Cis-trans isomers, also known as geometric isomers, differ in spatial orientation due to the inability to rotate around a pi bond or a ring.
  • As indicated in the diagram, the molecules are identical in composition but differ in spatial orientation, indicating they are cis-trans isomers.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Cis-trans isomers".

Question 9:

Which illustration below demonstrates cis-isomerism?

Cis-Trans Isomers



Topic: Cis-Isomerism

Correct Answer: A) 1

Detailed Hint:
  • Cis-isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism and is characterized by having the same group on adjacent sides of a double bond or central atom.
  • In this case, option A demonstrates a molecule where the same group is on the same side, thereby indicating cis-isomerism.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "1".

Question 10:

Which catalyst is utilized in the synthesis of trans-alkenes from alkynes?





Topic: Catalysts in Alkene Synthesis

Correct Answer: A) Sodium in Liquid ammonia

Thorough Hint:
  • Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
  • Lindlar's catalyst, Sodium in Liquid ammonia, Grignard reagent, and Baeyer's reagent are all examples of catalysts used in diverse chemical reactions.
  • Specifically, Sodium in Liquid ammonia is a reagent that is used to convert alkynes to trans-alkenes.
  • Hence, the correct answer is A, "Sodium in Liquid ammonia".

Question 11:

What kind of isomers are Cis-2-butene and Trans-2-butene?





Topic: Geometric Isomerism

Correct Answer: A) Geometrical isomers

Elaborative Hint:
  • Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds share the same molecular formula but have different structural or spatial configurations.
  • Geometrical isomers are a type of stereoisomer that arise due to distinct spatial orientations of substituents around inflexible parts of molecules, such as carbon-carbon double bonds.
  • In the case of Cis-2-butene and Trans-2-butene, they share the same chemical formula but differ in the spatial orientation of their groups.
  • Therefore, Cis-2-butene and Trans-2-butene are Geometrical isomers, making the correct answer A, "Geometrical isomers".

Question 12:

Which compound is used in Kolbe's electrolysis to prepare ethyne?





Topic: Preparation of Ethyne using Kolbe's Electrolysis

Correct Answer: B) Potassium maleate

Explanatory Hint:
  • Kolbe's electrolysis is a significant process in organic chemistry that involves the electrochemical decarboxylation of carboxylate salts to yield hydrocarbons.
  • Various salts can be used in this process, including Potassium succinate, Potassium maleate, Potassium acetate, and Potassium formate.
  • Specifically, for the preparation of ethyne, the salt of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid like Potassium maleate is used.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B, "Potassium maleate".

Question 13:

What does the term 'CNG' represent?





Topic: Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

Correct Answer: A) Compressed CH4

Detailed Hint:
  • CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas.
  • It is primarily composed of methane (CH4), which is compressed to less than 1% of its standard atmospheric volume for ease of storage or transport.
  • Therefore, CNG is not Compressed H2, Liquid Pressurized Gas, or Acetylene.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "Compressed CH4".

Question 14:

Which type of isomers need a significant amount of energy for their creation?





Topic: Energy Requirement in Isomer Formation

Correct Answer: B) Cis-Trans isomers

Detailed Hint:
  • The formation of different types of isomers, including position isomers, cis-trans isomers, tautomers, and metamers, involves varying levels of energy.
  • The creation of cis-trans isomers requires breaking a pi bond, which necessitates a substantial amount of energy.
  • Therefore, among the given options, cis-trans isomers require the most energy for their formation.
  • Consequently, the correct answer is B, "Cis-Trans isomers".

Question 15:

What product is obtained from the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of the potassium salt of maleic acid?





Topic: Electrolysis of Potassium Maleate

Correct Answer: C) Ethyne

Detailed Hint:
  • The process of electrolysis involves the use of an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
  • When an aqueous solution of potassium maleate undergoes electrolysis, a specific organic compound is produced.
  • In this case, the product is ethyne.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C, "Ethyne".

Question 16:

Which form of isomerism is most commonly observed in ethers?





Topic: Isomerism in Ethers

Correct Answer: D) Metamerism

Detailed Hint:
  • Ethers, a class of organic compounds, can exhibit different types of isomerism, such as chain isomerism, tautomerism, position isomerism, and metamerism.
  • Among these, metamerism is most commonly observed in ethers.
  • In metamerism, the same molecular formula is divided into different parts in different ways.
  • Thus, the correct answer is D, "Metamerism".

Question 17:

In which form of isomerism are the isomers dynamically equilibrated?





Topic: Dynamic Equilibrium in Isomerism

Correct Answer: C) Tautomerism

Detailed Hint:
  • Different types of isomerism, such as structural isomerism, chain isomerism, tautomerism, and functional group isomerism, exhibit distinct characteristics.
  • Tautomerism is a unique form of isomerism wherein the isomers are dynamically equilibrated; that is, they can continuously interconvert.
  • The interconversion typically involves the shifting of a proton from one position to another.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C, "Tautomerism".

Question 18:

Which statement is inaccurate concerning the cis and trans isomers of an alkene?





Topic: Cis and Trans Isomers of Alkenes

Correct Answer: C) The cis-isomer generally exhibits a lower boiling point than the trans-isomer.

Detailed Hint:
  • Cis and trans isomers are types of geometrical isomers found in alkenes.
  • The cis isomer typically has a higher dipole moment than the trans isomer.
  • However, contrary to common belief, the cis isomer usually doesn't have a lower boiling point than the trans isomer.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "The cis-isomer generally exhibits a lower boiling point than the trans-isomer".

Question 19:

What type of isomerism is displayed by alkanes?





Topic: Isomerism in Alkanes

Correct Answer: A) Skeletal

Detailed Hint:
  • Alkanes, a category of hydrocarbons, can exhibit several types of isomerism.
  • The most common type of isomerism shown by alkanes, particularly those with four or more carbon atoms, is skeletal isomerism.
  • In skeletal isomerism, the same molecular formula can have different structural arrangements.
  • Thus, the correct answer is A, "Skeletal".

Question 20:

What form of isomerism do the following compounds demonstrate? CH3 – O – CH3 and CH3 – CH2 – OH





Topic: Functional Group Isomerism in Compounds

Correct Answer: D) Functional Group Isomerism

Detailed Hint:
  • The organic compounds CH3 – O – CH3 (Dimethyl Ether) and CH3 – CH2 – OH (Ethanol) have the same molecular formula but differ in terms of the functional group involved.
  • Such a form of isomerism where the functional group changes while keeping the molecular formula constant is known as Functional Group Isomerism.
  • Hence, the correct answer is D: "Functional Group Isomerism".

Question 21:

What is the actual structure of Benzene?





Topic: Structure of Benzene

Correct Answer: C) Resonance hybrid of all 5 contributors

Detailed Hint:
  • Benzene is a very important organic compound with the molecular formula C6H6.
  • The actual structure of benzene is neither like two Kekule's structure nor like three Dewar's structure.
  • It is indeed a resonance hybrid of all 5 contributors where the pi electrons are delocalized over the entire ring.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C: "Resonance hybrid of all 5 contributors".

Question 22:

What type of isomerism does 1 – butene and 2 – butene exhibit?





Topic: Isomerism in Butene

Correct Answer: B) Position Isomerism

Detailed Hint:
  • 1 – butene and 2 – butene are both examples of alkene hydrocarbons.
  • They display isomerism due to the difference in the position of the double bond in their structures, while the molecular formula remains the same.
  • This type of isomerism, where the position of the functional group differs, is referred to as Position Isomerism.
  • Thus, the correct answer is B: "Position Isomerism".

Question 23:

What kind of isomerism is presented when there is a variance in the size of alkyl groups attached to the same functional group?





Topic: Metamerism in Alkyl Groups

Correct Answer: C) Metamerism

Detailed Hint:
  • Among the given choices, metamerism is the type of isomerism that occurs due to different alkyl groups attached to the same functional group.
  • This is a unique form of isomerism predominantly seen in ethers, secondary amines, and alkyl derivatives of other functional groups.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Metamerism".

Question 24:

Which isomerism is displayed by 1-Chloropropane and 2-Chloropropane?





Topic: Isomerism in Chloropropane

Correct Answer: C) Positional isomerism

Detailed Hint:
  • 1-Chloropropane and 2-Chloropropane are similar in their molecular formulas.
  • The difference arises in the placement of the chlorine atom in the carbon chain, which is why they exhibit positional isomerism.
  • Thus, the correct answer is C, "Positional isomerism".

Question 25:

Which of the following is not a classification of organic compounds?





Topic: Classification of Organic Compounds

Correct Answer: C) Isomer

Detailed Hint:
  • Acyclic, aromatic, and saturated are all classifications of organic compounds based on their chemical structures.
  • However, an isomer refers not to a classification of compounds but to the phenomenon where compounds with the same chemical formula exhibit different structural arrangements.
  • Hence, the correct answer is C, "Isomer".

Question 26:

Which compound is an isomer of ethanol (ethyl alcohol)?





Topic: Isomerism in Ethanol

Correct Answer: A) Dimethyl ether

Detailed Hint:
  • Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and dimethyl ether share the same molecular formula, C2H6O.
  • However, they differ in terms of their structure and the functional group associated with them - ethanol has an OH (alcohol) functional group, whereas dimethyl ether has an O (ether) functional group.
  • This phenomenon where compounds share the same molecular formula but different functional groups is known as functional group isomerism.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Dimethyl ether".

Question 27:

Which is the simplest hydrocarbon that can have a structural isomer?





Topic: Structural Isomerism in Hydrocarbons

Correct Answer: C) C4H10

Detailed Hint:
  • Structural isomerism is a form of isomerism where molecules with the same molecular formula have different connectivity or arrangement of their atoms.
  • The smallest hydrocarbon to present structural isomerism is Butane (C4H10). The isomers result from different arrangements of the carbon atoms.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "C4H10".

Question 28:

In which of the following does sp-hybridization occur?





Topic: Hybridization in Hydrocarbons

Correct Answer: A) Alkynes

Detailed Hint:
  • Hybridization is the concept of intermixing of the orbitals of slightly different energies so as to redistribute the energy more evenly among the orbitals.
  • In Alkynes, the carbon atoms are sp-hybridized, meaning they have two sp orbitals and two p orbitals. The two p orbitals form a pi bond, while the sp orbitals form a sigma bond.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Alkynes".

Question 29:

What type of isomerism is exhibited by ether and alcohol?





Topic: Isomerism in Ether and Alcohol

Correct Answer: C) Functional isomerism

Detailed Hints:
  • Ether and alcohol have the same molecular formula but they differ in terms of the functional groups associated with them.
  • Ether has an O (ether) functional group while alcohol has an OH (alcohol) functional group.
  • This phenomenon of having the same molecular formula but different functional groups is termed as functional group isomerism.
  • As a result, the correct answer is C, "Functional isomerism".

Question 30:

What is another name for cis-trans isomerism?





Topic: Terminology in Isomerism

Correct Answer: A) Geometric isomerism

Detailed Hints:
  • Cis-trans isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism, where the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups differs.
  • This type of isomerism is also known as geometric isomerism due to the spatial orientation of the functional groups.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Geometric isomerism".

Question 31:

Which type of isomerism is independent of the functional group?





Topic: Independence of Functional Group in Isomerism

Correct Answer: A) Chain isomerism

Detailed Hints:
  • Isomerism can occur due to several factors, including the nature of the functional group and the arrangement of the atoms or groups.
  • However, chain isomerism does not depend on the functional group but rather on the connectivity or arrangement of the carbon chain.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Chain isomerism".

Question 32:

What is the distinctive smell of Acetylene reminiscent of?





Topic: Characteristics of Acetylene

Correct Answer: C) Garlic

Detailed Hints:
  • Acetylene is a hydrocarbon that is known for its unique properties.
  • One of its distinctive characteristics is its ethereal smell which resembles that of a common kitchen ingredient, garlic.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Garlic".

Question 33:

Which isomer is considered as more stable?





Topic: Stability in Isomers

Correct Answer: B) Trans

Detailed Hints:
  • The stability of isomers is determined by factors such as their polarity and the spatial arrangement of the atoms or groups.
  • Trans isomers, where the same group or atom on two different carbon atoms are located on the opposite sides of the carbon-carbon double bond, are non-polar. Their structure aids in cancelling out the polarity, leading to a stable isomer.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Trans".

Question 34:

Which compound from the list below can exist as cis-trans isomers?





Topic: Cis-Trans Isomerism in Compounds

Correct Answer: B) 2-Butene

Detailed Hints:
  • Cis-Trans isomerism, or geometric isomerism, occurs in certain types of compounds where the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups can vary.
  • From the given options, 2-Butene is a compound that can exhibit this form of isomerism.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "2-Butene".

Question 35:

Which type of isomerism is exhibited by Ethers?





Topic: Isomerism Displayed by Ethers

Correct Answer: C) Metamerism

Detailed Hints:
  • Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
  • In terms of isomerism, ethers demonstrate a particular type known as metamerism. This type of isomerism arises because of the differing alkyl chains on either side of the functional group.
  • As a result, the correct answer is C, "Metamerism".

Question 36:

Isomers can only occur in hydrocarbons that contain more than how many carbon atoms?





Topic: Minimum Carbon Requirement for Hydrocarbons to Exhibit Isomerism

Correct Answer: B) 3 carbon atoms

Detailed Hints:
  • Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.
  • For isomerism to take place in hydrocarbons, there must be a minimum number of carbon atoms present. In this case, the simplest hydrocarbon to have an isomer is butane (C4H10), which requires more than 3 carbon atoms.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "3 carbon atoms".

Question 37:

Which cycloalkane is considered the most stable?





Topic: Stability of Cycloalkanes

Correct Answer: D) Cyclohexane

Detailed Hint:
  • Cycloalkanes are types of hydrocarbon molecules that feature carbon atoms arranged in a ring or cyclic structure.
  • The stability of these compounds can vary based on the size of the ring, with six-membered rings, as in cyclohexane, being the most stable.
  • This enhanced stability is because of the chair conformation of cyclohexane, which reduces strain and adds stability.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Cyclohexane."

Question 38:

What is another name for Alkanes?





Topic: Naming of Alkanes

Correct Answer: B) Paraffins

Detailed Hint:
  • Alkanes are a type of hydrocarbon compound, characterized by single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • Alkanes are often referred to as paraffins, which comes from the Latin words "parum" (little) and "affinis" (affinity), indicating their low reactivity due to the strength of their carbon-hydrogen bonds.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Paraffins".

Question 39:

Which of the compounds below can be readily sulphonated?





Topic: Sulphonation of Compounds

Correct Answer: A) Phenol

Detailed Hint:
  • Sulphonation is a chemical reaction that involves the introduction of a sulfonyl functional group to an organic compound.
  • Among the given options, Phenol can be readily sulphonated. This is because phenols possess an ortho-para director group, making them more reactive towards electrophilic substitution reactions like sulphonation.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Phenol".

Question 40:

Which hybrid orbital set is associated with a trigonal planar shape?





Topic: Hybrid Orbital Shapes

Correct Answer: C) sp2

Detailed Hint:
  • Hybridization in chemistry refers to the combination of atomic orbitals within an atom to form a new set of hybrid orbitals.
  • The shape of a molecule or ion is determined by the arrangement of these hybrid orbitals. For instance, sp2 hybridization results in a trigonal planar shape.
  • Therefore, the correct answer is C, "sp2".
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