nervous coordination test 5

The axon, a part of a neuron, is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Neurons".

The cerebrum is involved in various higher functions, including sensory perception, like hearing.

Thus, the correct answer is B, "Cerebrum".

Afferent neurons or sensory neurons are responsible for carrying messages from the sense organs to the central nervous system.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Afferent".

The spinal cord, located in the neural canal of the vertebral column, is surrounded and protected by three layers of meninges: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

The outermost layer, providing the most robust protection, is the dura mater.

Hence, the correct answer is B, "Dura mater".

Afferent neurons, also referred to as sensory neurons, relay information from sensory organs to the central nervous system.

Consequently, the correct answer is A, "Afferent".

Neurons undergo various states of polarization, based on the ion channels that are open.

During hyperpolarization, an excess of positive ions leaves the cell or negative ions enter, making the inside of the neuron more negative.

This state is facilitated by the opening of potassium and chloride ion channels.

Hence, the correct answer is E, "Both Potassium (K) and Chloride (Cl)".

The reflex arc provides the framework for a reflex action, and consists of a specific pathway.

This pathway runs from the receptor, which detects the stimulus, to the effector that carries out the response.

Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Receptor to effectors".

There are several types of neurons, each with a unique structure and function.

Sensory neurons are classed as monopolar, characterized by a T-shaped structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Sensory".

The communication between neurons involves several processes.

One such process is called an Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (EPSP), which refers to the depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane that generates an action potential.

Consequently, the correct answer is A, "EPSP".

Different brain structures are responsible for various functions.

Both the telencephalon, which evolves into the cerebrum, and the cerebrum itself play pivotal roles in sensory perception, including sight, speech, smell, taste, and hearing.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Both A & B".

Neurons form intricate networks that facilitate communication within the nervous system.

A collection of neuron cell bodies forms a ganglia, while a system of ganglia comprises a structure known as a plexus.

Thus, the correct answer is C, "Plexus".

The speed at which a nerve impulse travels along an axon can depend on several factors.

These include the diameter and length of the axon, as well as the presence of a myelin sheath, which provides insulation.

These variables all contribute to either increasing or decreasing impulse speed, making D, "All of them," the correct answer.

Diverse regions of the brain carry distinct responsibilities, including the control of various bodily functions.

The cerebrum is responsible for higher functions like speech, judgment, problem-solving, and learning.

As such, the correct answer is C, "Cerebrum".

The brain is divided into several regions, each with its unique structure and responsibilities.

The Pons, a part of the brain that plays a critical role in several essential bodily functions, is found within the hindbrain.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Hindbrain".

The nerve fiber undergoes a series of phases, including an important recovery phase.

This phase is referred to as the refractory period, a period during which the nerve fiber resets for another potential firing.

Hence, the correct answer is C, "Refractory period".

Neurons come in various sizes and shapes, each designed to fulfill a specific role.

Interneurons, which play an integral part in passing signals within the central nervous system, typically have short dendrites and a long axon.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Short dendrites and a long axon".

Sensory neurons come in various shapes and sizes, each designed to perform specific functions.

Some sensory neurons possess long dendrites, which help in transmitting sensory information from peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system.

Consequently, the correct answer is C, "Long dendrites".

The organization of neurons varies across different parts of the nervous system.

The sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion are monopolar, meaning they have one process extending from the cell body.

Thus, the correct answer is A, "Dorsal root Ganglion".

The limbic system of the forebrain includes several structures that play crucial roles in various emotional and cognitive functions.

Along with the thalamus, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, the amygdala is a key component of this system and is associated with emotional responses.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Amygdala".

The speed of nerve impulse transmission depends on several factors, including the presence of a myelin sheath, neuron size, and neuron thickness.

Larger and thicker neurons offer less resistance, thereby increasing the speed of impulse transmission.

As a result, the correct answer is C, "Larger size, thicker structure".

During repolarization, potassium leaves the neuron, which plays a crucial role in restoring the neuron's resting potential.

This exit is facilitated through voltage-regulated gates, which operate under specific conditions.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Through voltage-regulated gates".

Neurons respond to various stimuli, leading to electrochemical changes that facilitate signal transmission.

Both the threshold stimulus, which is the minimum stimulus required to cause an action potential, and the adequate stimulus, which is a stimulus of the type to which a given sensory organ is most responsive, are capable of causing such changes.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Both A and B".

An axon is a specialized structure of a neuron, and certain parts of it may lack a myelin sheath, a protective layer that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.

The nodes of Ranvier, small gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon, are typically not myelinated.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Node of Ranvier".

The process of nerve impulse transmission involves both electrical and chemical components, thereby categorizing it as an electrochemical process.

Electrical signals result from the movement of charged ions across the neuron's membrane, while chemical signals are involved in transmitting the impulse across synapses.

Consequently, the correct answer is B, "Electrochemical".

The two cerebral hemispheres of the brain are connected by a specific structure of nerve fibers known as the corpus callosum.

This structure facilitates communication and coordination between the two hemispheres, thus playing a crucial role in the integrated functioning of the brain.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Corpus callosum".

The potential across a membrane can undergo several changes, including polarization, depolarization, and repolarization.

Repolarization specifically involves the restoration of the negative charge inside the cell after an action potential, thus reversing the polarity across the membrane.

Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Repolarization".

The brain is divided into several structures, including the telencephalon and diencephalon (part of the forebrain), midbrain, and the hindbrain.

The cerebellum is a major structure within the hindbrain, playing a crucial role in motor control and coordination.

Consequently, the correct answer is D, "Hindbrain".

The nervous system comprises various types of cells, including sensory, motor, association, and neuroglial cells.

Schwann cells are a specific type of neuroglial cell, responsible for producing the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Neuroglial".

An action potential alters the permeability of the neuronal membrane for various ions.

In particular, following an action potential, the membrane becomes less permeable to sodium ions (Na+).

This is a crucial step in the process of repolarization that follows the action potential.

Hence, the correct answer is B, "Na+".

The meninges are protective coverings for the central nervous system.

They comprise three layers - the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater - that envelope both the brain and the spinal cord, providing them with protection and support.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Both Brain and Spinal Cord".

Different parts of the brain are responsible for regulating various functions and reflexes.

The vomit center, responsible for inducing the vomiting reflex, is located in the medulla oblongata.

In addition to triggering vomiting, the medulla oblongata also coordinates other functions like breathing, swallowing, and cardiac operations.

Thus, the correct answer is D, "Medulla oblongata".

Different conditions can lead to a loss of feeling or sensitivity to touch.

Anastasia is a term unrelated to sensory loss, whereas Paresthesia refers to abnormal sensations like tingling or numbness.

Tactile anesthesia is the specific term for the loss of touch sensitivity.

Thus, the correct answer is C, "Tactile anesthesia".

Depolarization is a critical phase of the action potential in neurons, during which there is a rapid influx of Na+ ions.

This influx occurs through voltage-regulated gates, which open in response to a change in the membrane potential.

Non-voltage-regulated gates and pumps do not play a significant role in this particular process.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Through voltage-regulated gates".

Different regions of the brain have distinct roles in regulating body functions.

The hypothalamus, in particular, acts as the body's thermostat, controlling body temperature.

While other options like the medulla and the medulla oblongata have essential functions, none of them serve as the body's thermostat.

Thus, the correct answer is D, "Hypothalamus".

The propagation of nerve impulses varies depending on the type of neuron.

Nonmyelinated neurons transmit impulses continuously along their axons, as there's no myelin sheath to facilitate jumping conduction.

Unlike myelinated neurons, they don't use saltatory conduction, which involves the impulse hopping from node to node.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Continuous".

The brain's ventricles are fluid-filled cavities that perform various essential functions.

They hold and circulate two types of fluid: blood, which supplies oxygen and nutrients, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides cushioning and aids in waste removal.

Hence, the correct answer is D, "Both B and C".

The central nervous system's homeostasis and metabolism depend primarily on one specific fluid: the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

CSF not only protects the brain and spinal cord from injury but also delivers nutrients and removes waste products, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the central nervous system's homeostasis and metabolism.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, "Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)".

The regulation of sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms is primarily controlled by a small endocrine gland called the pineal gland.

The cerebellum, hypothalamus, and medulla oblongata have other important functions in the brain, but they are not primarily responsible for this specific regulation.

Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Pineal gland".

Dendrites are the branch-like structures on a neuron that receive incoming signals from other neurons or sensory receptors.

They play a crucial role in transmitting these signals to the cell body, where further processing occurs.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Dendrites".

Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are responsible for transmitting signals from sensory receptors (e.g., in the skin, eyes, ears) to the central nervous system.

Motor neurons, interneurons, and projection neurons have different roles within the nervous system.

Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Sensory neurons".

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter commonly associated with feelings of pleasure, reward, and motivation in the brain's reward pathway.

Serotonin, acetylcholine, and GABA have different roles and functions in the nervous system.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Dopamine".

The "fight or flight" response is controlled by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, while the parasympathetic division is responsible for the "rest and digest" response.

However, both divisions work in balance to regulate various bodily functions.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions".

Various functions, including hunger sensation, are regulated by specific brain regions.

The Hypothalamus, for instance, governs a multitude of bodily functions, including hunger and thirst.

Therefore, the correct answer is A, "Hypothalamus".

The Na+/K+ pump is a crucial component in the functioning of neurons.

This pump works to transport 2 K+ ions into the neuron, while simultaneously moving 3 Na+ ions out.

However, contrary to option C, this process does involve energy usage, making it a form of active transport.

Therefore, the incorrect statement is C, "Does not require energy".

In the brain, specific structures facilitate the transmission of impulses between different areas.

The Pons, in particular, serves as a bridge for these impulses, especially between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.

Thus, the correct answer is B, "Pons".